128 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



[February 24, 1912 



purely 

 in the 



roofed houses we see so often in mining villages 

 — may sometimes be made to look prettier ob- 

 jects in the hands of an enthusiastic gardener 

 than the more substantial, dressed stone build- 

 ings. 1 consider that horticulture has a very im- 

 portant part to play in the development of these 

 garden cities, and it is to associations such as 

 ours that people will naturally turn for light 

 and leading in their development. This asso- 

 ciation has already made a move in this direc- 

 tion, for a proposal to offer a prize for villa gar- 

 dening and one for window gardening in the city 

 has been adopted by the committee which deals 

 with these matters, and we are to have papers 

 read on these subjects at our November meet- 

 ing. These are steps in the right direction, and 

 by action of this sort, and in other ways stimu- 

 lating a taste for floriculture among the citizens, 

 this and other associations can do much to for- 

 ward the Garden City movement. In a city like 

 Edinburgh, or in fact any other laii<e city, the 

 garden city must be largely of the character of 

 a garden suburb surrounding the civic centre. 

 As a matter of fact, Edinburgh does already 

 possess some of these garden suburbs, but, alas, 

 they are disappearing, and there seems to be no 

 power to stay the hand of the despoiler. At the 

 west end of our seaside suburb, Portobello, huge, 

 inelegant blocks of tenement houses are at this 

 moment springing up on the very edge of our 

 main approach to the city from the east, and in 

 the Joppa end of the suburb, which is 

 residential, and really a garden suburb 

 truest sense of the term, cottages with gardens, 

 such as are being advocated in the formation of 

 garden cities, are being gradually swept away 

 and tenements erected in their places. The same 

 transformation may be seen in some other parts 

 of the suburbs, and, apparently, there is no 

 power to prevent it ; in fact, it was stated by one 

 of the speakers at the Town Planning Exhibition 

 in March last that Edinburgh could not do with- 

 out her tenements. 



14 There are three distinct types of garden city, 

 and as to which of these is the ideal type there 

 may be differences of opinion. A great deal must 

 depend on local and other circumstances. We 

 have, first, the older cities and towns, with their 

 centres of civic life, and their outlying garden 

 suburbs; secondly, we have the complete indus- 

 trial town with its sites for public works, and its 

 civic buildings, &c. laid out on a complete gar- 

 den city plan, such as Letchworth, Bournville, 

 and Port Sunlight; and, thirdly, we have the 

 simple garden village, su< h as New Barswick. 

 From a health point of view, there does not seem 

 to be much to be said for the one in preference 

 to the other, provided there is no overcrowding 

 of the dwellings, for the death rate per 1.000 at 

 Bournville (5.7) is not a great deal lower than 

 that of uncrowded Kelvinside (7.7) : but when 

 we compare it with crowded Cowcaddens (24.3), 

 the contrast is very striking. To whichever 

 of these types the garden city belongs, it is 

 essential that it be well planned, and there must 



be economv in everything." 



(To be continued.) 



NATIONAL CHEYSANTHEMUM. 



February 19. — The annual dinner of the Floral 

 Committee of this Society was held at Carrs 

 Restaurant, Strand, on Monday evening last. 

 Mr. D. B. Crane occupied the chair. 



After partaking of an excellent repast, several 

 toasts were dulv honoured, including those of 

 " His Majestv the King/' " Tho National Chry- 

 santhemum Society/' " The Exhibitors," " The 

 Market Growers, and " The Press." During 

 the evening the question of increased awards for 

 new varieties was raised, and it was stated that a 

 record number of varieties had been presented to 

 the committee for awards during the past year. 



MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF 



ENGLAND ORCHID. 



J. 



R. 



February 8. — Committee present; Rev. 

 Crombleholme (in the Chair) ; and Messrs. 

 Ashworth, W. R. Lee, C. Parker, H. Thorp, 

 Z. A. Ward, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, 

 W. Holmes, A. J. Keeling, fo. McLeod, W. 

 Stevens, and H. Arthur (secretary). 



Silver -gilt Medals were awarded to Z. A. 

 Ward, Esq., Northenden (gr. Mr. Weatherby), 

 for a group composed principally of Odonto- 



clossums, and W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gr. 

 Mr. Branch), who staged a miscellaneous group. 

 S'dver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, 

 Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Gilden) for a mixed 

 group; Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn 

 (gr. Mr. Lnpton), who exhibited a miscellaneous 

 collection; A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden 

 (gr. Mr. Dalgleish) ; Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, 

 Cheltenham, and Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. 

 Albans. Bronze Medals were awarded to Rev. 

 J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors (gr. Mr. 

 Marshall), for a small group of Cypripediums ; 

 J. McCartney, Esq., Bolton (gr. Mr. Holmes) ; 

 and W. J. Hargreaves, Esq., Burnley. 



Other exhibitors were Wm. Thompson, Esq. 

 (gr. Mr. Stevens); J. J. Holden, Esq., South- 

 port (gr. Mr. Johnson); G. H. Pearce, Esq., 

 Monton Grange (gr. Mr. Mace); H. Thorp, 

 Esq., Rhodes; Messrs. Hassall & Co., South- 

 gate; Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons; and Mr. 

 W. Shackleton, Great Horton. 



AWARDS. 

 First-class Certificates. 



Odontoglossum percultum variety " pur- 

 puresccn*" a fine bronze-purple flower, from 

 W. R. Lee, Esq. 



Awards of Merit. 



Odontoglossum crispum Euterpe, from W. R. 

 Lee, Esq. 0. ]Yilkeanum variety "Jasper" 

 0. Adriance variety " Vulcan" and 0. X 

 Jasper, all from Z. A. Ward, Esq. Cypripe- 

 dium birkchdense (insigne Sanderianum X 

 Thalia magnificum), from J. J. Holden, Esq. 

 C. Hercules (Vandyke x Sultana), C. Draco 

 (insigne X Euryades), and C. Nubia (Niobe 

 Westonbirt variety x Thompsonii), these three 

 from Wm. Thompson, Esq. Odontoglossum 

 Orphanum, from R. Ashworth, Esq., and 

 Cypripcdium Lucernale (chrysotoxum X 

 Euryades splendens), from A. Warburton, Esq. 



©bttuarj). 



Hayward Math i as.— Mr. Hayward Mathias, 

 one of the founders and first honorary secretary 

 and treasurer of the Perpetual-flowering Carna- 

 tion Society, died suddenly from heart failure at 

 Stubbington on the 10th inst. Mr. Mathias, who 

 was aged 62 years, \\ as greatly interested in Car- 

 nations, and was an ardent cultivator of both the 

 border and perpetual-blooming types of the 

 flower. The chairman of the Perpetual-flower- 

 ing Carnation Society, Mr. J. S. Brunton, and 

 the hon. secretary, Mr. E. F. Hawes, were pre- 

 sent at the funeral. A wreath of white Carna- 

 tions was sent by the Society, in memory of one 

 of its hardest workers. 



GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. 



[Cirttspotuients an requested to writs th* mmmi* of ptrtmn* 

 and mImcmm MM imz'tbly mm possible. No charge is 

 made for these announcements, but if a small contribution 

 is sent, to he placed in our collecting Box for the Gardeners' 

 Orphan Fund, it will be thankfully received, and an 

 acknowledgment made in these columns,^ 



Mr. W. T. Doidge, as Gardener to A. St. George 

 Caulfeild, Esq., Vicars Hill, Lymington, Hampshire. 



Mr. F. T. Rose, for nearly 2 years Foreman at Canwick 

 Hall Gardens, Lincolnshire, as Gardener to Sir Bache 

 Cunard, Bart., Nevill Holt, Market Harborough. 



Mr. E. Wakeham, for the past 4J years Gardener to Mrs. C. 

 Bethell, Cheam Park, Surrey, and formerly of Nonsuch 

 Park, Cheam, as Gardener and Bailiff to the School of 

 Handicrafts, Chertsey, Surrey. 



Mr. Arthur C. LEHANE.for the past 2£ years Gardener to 

 John Nelson, Esq., Sherborne, Malvern Wells, as 

 Gardener to F, F. Hall, Esq., Park Hall, Mansfield, 

 Notts. (Thanks for 2s. sent for R.G.O.F. box. - Eds.) 



Mr. W. Fairbairn, for the past 24 years Foreman in the 

 Gardens at Gorddinog, Llanfairfechan, North Wales, 

 and previously at Osmaston Manor, and Manderston, 

 N.B., as Gardener to Mrs. Geo. Clark, at Chacombe 

 House, Banbury, Oxfordshire. 



Mr. James D. Coward, for 25 years Gardener to the late 

 Earl of Winchelsea, and later to Edith Countess of 

 Winchelsea, at Haverholme Priory, Sleaford, as Gar- 

 dener and Bailiff to A. L. Jessop, Esq., Lexham Hall, 

 Swaffham, Norfolk. (Thanks for 2s. enclosed for 

 R.G.O.F.— Eds.) 



TRADE NOTICE. 



Messrs. John K. King & Sons, Coggeshall, Essex, have 

 received an official communication informing them that they 

 have been awarded a Diploma and Commemorative Medal 

 in connection with exhibit at the seed competition at the 

 recent Brussels International Exhibition. 



DEBATING SOCIETIES. 



CHESTER PAXTON.-A meeting of this society 

 was held on the 10th inst., under the chairmanship of 

 Mr. John Wynne, when Mr. T. Edward Mi In, son of 

 the hon. secretary, read a paper entitled, " A Survey 

 of the Historical and Botanical Features of the Cereals 

 of Great Britain." In his opening remarks, Mr. Miln 

 drew attention to the large increase in the size of the 

 grains of the present day types of cereals compared with 

 those of earlier times. Several original and interesting 

 slides were shown to prove that this increase of food in the 

 seed was not utilised by the germ in its growth, and must 

 have come about by the continuous selection of the largest 

 and best grains for propagating purposes. The lecturer dealt 

 fully with all the various types and species of the three 

 leading British cereals, viz., Oats, Barley and Wheat, and 

 gave a lucid description of the chief botanical features 

 relating to them. Slides were used to illustrate every known 

 type of these three cereals, and although many are now 

 almost quite out of cultivation, the pictures were none the 

 less interesting to the large and appreciative audience. 



CHELMSFORD AND DISTRICT GARDENERS'. 



- The eighth meeting of the winter session was held in the 

 County Laboratories on the 2nd inst, ; the president, Mr. 

 E. H. Christy, presided over a company of about 40. Mr. 

 W. Seabrook, of the Chelmsford Fruit Nurseries, gave a 

 lecture on M The Pruning of Fruit Trees.*' In dealing with 

 standard Apple trees Mr. Seabrook recommended no pruning 

 the first year after planting, but hard pruning for the next 

 five years in order to lay a good foundation to the trees. 

 In the case of bush Apples he advised pruning the shoots in 

 winter to two buds, and the removal of all useless growths. 

 In the case of Plums, all strong wood should be cut away, 

 leaving only the short twiggy growths. , 



DEVON AND EXETER GARDENERS\-The 



spring session of this societv opened with the annual supper 

 of the members, between 40 and 50 being present. Mr. W. 

 Mackay, honorary secretary and treasurer, presided. At the 

 first ordinary meeting a paper was read by Mr. Geo. Merritt, 

 of Exmouth, one of the oldest members of the society, Mr. 

 Merritt last autumn paid a visit to Canada, spending a con- 

 siderable time in the province of Quebec, and he gave a 

 lucid description of what he saw there of interest from a 

 gardener's point of view. Mr. W. Charley, who had been 

 honorary secretary for the past eight years, on retiring from 

 that office, has received a presentation from the members. 



BATH GARDENERS'.— The fortnightly meeting was 

 held on February 12, Mr. T. Parratt presiding. A paper 

 on M Spring Bedding ■• was read by Mr. E. W. Parsons. 

 The society's silver medal was awarded to Mr. T. Allen 

 for the highest number of points scored during 1911, and 

 Mr. W. Burt, who was placed second, secured the bronze 

 medal. Two honorary members and one ordinary member 

 were elected. It was decided to consider arrangements tor 

 a visit by the members to the International Exhibition to be 

 held at Chelsea in May. 



LEE, BLACKHEATH, AND LEWISHAM HOR- 

 TICULTURAL.— A meeting of this society was held on 

 Friday, January 26, when a lecture on •' Winter-flowering 

 Plants" was delivered by Mr. R. E. Pullen ; Councillor 

 Balsdon occupied the chair. The lecturer stated that 111 ms 

 opinion there were few more beautiful flowers for decor- 

 ative purposes than the Bouvardias. To obtain good 

 strong bushy specimens, the young plants should be 

 placed on an open border in July, they require no more 

 attention until the early autumn, excepting watering 

 and occasionally pinching the long growths to cause tne 

 plants to grow into a good shape. When lifted the plants 

 should not be taken directly into the greenhouse, but snouia 

 be potted, and placed back in the holes whence tne> 

 came, giving them a good watering to prevent flagging 

 After about a fortnight they should be removed to a coiu 

 frame until they are brought into the conservatory, admitting 

 plenty of air in the meantime. The culture of EuphorDia 

 jacquiniceflora, E. pulcherrima (Poinsettia), and Genista* 

 was also dealt with by the lecturer. 



CROYDON AND DISTRICT HORTICULTU- 

 RAL.— At the meeting of this society, held on the btb uisi., 

 a lecture was given by Mr. A. Smith, of the R.H.S. Garde ns, 

 Wisley, on "The Water and Wild Gardens." Mr. bmiw 

 said that the space for a water garden should be cieanea 

 thoroughly and any tree roots removed. In the case 01 



big pond the bottom may be of puddled clay, but in smaiiei 

 gardens it will be found of great advantage to cement ne 

 bed of the stream as well as the sides. The surroundin 



ground on either side of the stream should be well dug ; ana 

 manured ready for the plants. To build rockeries witn nufee 

 boulders on either side of the water course was to spoil in 

 natural view. It is far better, said Mr. Smith, to plant down 

 to the water's edge such subjects as will grow there, y?, 

 rally one finds in a water garden a rustic wooden onag 

 standing high above the stream, but in the lecturers op in o 

 this is an eyesore. A few stepping stones would pro*iu 

 the means of crossing. 



DONCASTER GARDENERS\-The annual dinner 

 of this society was held at the Wellington Hotel, Doncasiei, 

 on the 8th inst., under the presidency of the ex " ma ^ 

 (Councillor C. Wightman.) Proposing " Success to uc 

 Society," Councillor Morris pointed out that in connecuo" 

 with the Royal Show, to be held in Doncaster m J"'/ 

 next, there would be an exhibition. During the e*e^ 

 ing the medals won in competition during the year 

 presented to the members.— Responding for the °^ l t.A 

 the secretary (Mr. W. H. Touns) stated that since nc i 

 taken up the work the society's programme and P nze . ~ d 

 had increased by 100 per cent. The number of classes u 



increased proportionately. He urged the resU ^ c !,"^ he 

 the Doncaster Chrysanthemum Society.— Mr. Bell sa 

 was sorry the Chrysanthemum Society had fallen tn \°"f J 

 he considered that another similar society could be stan . 



STIRLING AND DISTRICT HORTICULTURAL 



— The opening meeting of this association of tne se 



1912 was held on February 6; Mr. Jas. Jo h ° st ° n n p !£ £ a ve 

 Professor M' Alpine, of Glasgow Agricultural Colleg e»B . 

 a lecture on "Seeds and Their Peculiarities. ,, m The sudj 

 was treated in an instructive and entertaining manu* 

 and illustrations were given. 





i 



