April 20, 1912.] 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



269 



©lutuarjj. 



w 



Piper. 



UEU „ UC „ nt „ . ■ „„•— The death of this 

 well-known rosarian and nurseryman, of Uck- 

 field Sussex, took place on the 9th inst. Mr. 

 Piper, who was 74 years of age, had been in fail- 

 ing health for some time past and lived in com- 

 parative retirement. A quarter of a century ago 

 he was a frequent exhibitor at the best Rose 

 shows. He introduced to commerce the well- 

 known, tea-scented Roses Sunrise (1899) and 

 Peace (1903). Mr. Piper commenced business 

 some 60 years ago at the Nurseries, Ridgwood, 

 Uckfield. The firm will be carried on by the 

 youngest son, Mr. Thomas Wren Piper. 



John B. Lyall.— Mr. John B. Lyall, who 

 died on April 10, at his home, Brae Cottage, 

 Drumlithie, Kincardineshire, aged 85, was a well- 

 known Scottish botanist. For a number of years 

 he was master of the Grammar School, Peebles, 

 and made a study of the botany of the district, 

 contributing the chapters on the flora of Peebles 

 to the local Guide in such a manner that his work 

 is still recognised as authoritative. He retired 

 nearly 30 years ago, and devoted a great part 

 of his leisure to the pursuit of botany in the 

 Glenbervie and Fordoun districts of Kincardine. 



James Blacklock. — Mr. James Blacklock, 

 for about 30 years gardener to the family of Sir 

 Mark J. M'Taggart-Stewart, Bart., at South- 

 wick, Kirkcudbrightshire, died at Castle Doug- 

 las, on the 12th inst. Mr. Blacklock has suf- 

 fered from ill-health for some time past, this 



necessitating his retirement about three years 

 ago. 



Michael H. Lawlor. — We learn from the 

 American papers of the death of Mr. Lawlor at 

 the age of 63. Mr. Lawlor, in conjunction with 

 Mr. S. B. Parsons, imported to Long Island, 

 N.Y., many rare trees from this country, and 

 was also very successful in transplanting large 

 trees to considerable distances. 



Patrick McKenna.-Mt. Patrick McKenna, 

 a native of Ireland, died at Cote des Neiges, 

 Quebec, at the advanced age of 93. After work- 

 ing for a time as a private gardener, he founded 

 in Montreal the successful firm of P. McKenna 



and Sons, from which he retired twenty years 

 ago. 



DEBATING SOCIETIES. 



BRISTOL & DISTRICT GARDENERS'. - The 



n w y mee,i "g of this association was held on March 

 Ai, when Dr. Shaw presided over a good attendance of 

 members. A lecture on " Vegetables " was delivered by 

 5 "infield, gardener to Colonel Tagart, Sneyd Park, 

 ine lecturer dealt principally with the Potato, Onion, 

 Kunner Beans, and Green Pea. 



STIRLING & DISTRICT HORTICULTURAL.- 



a meeting of this association was held on the 2nd inst., 

 J' r " J * s - Johnston presiding. Mr. Grant, Fernhall Gar- 

 dens, Broughty Ferry, gave a feature on " Winter Decora- 



*£? i h u ?L ower Gard « n -" A ^er referring to the various 

 ■ t> les of bedding in vogue and the plants used for winter 

 Leoaing, Mr. Grant spoke at length on the suitability 

 a l, vane :? ated KaI e as a bedding plant, and showed 

 rrJ arge c ,, lectlon with colours ranging from white to 

 creamy yellow, through all the shades of rosy-lilac to 

 S P u FPle. Full cultural details were given from seed- 



inV g m ^P to the cuttin g down in May of the follow- 

 Jln ear * Rlgld selection should be practised when the 

 ^i lngS ar ? trans Planted in pcor soil in the reserve 



finaii V again , at tne time of Panting in the beds, and 

 anally when selecting the seed parents. 



The R r?7^ ON ^ DISTRICT HORTICULTURAL.- 



ins? T» 7u c S °n f thls socie ty met on Tuesday, the 2nd 

 when a iA e Sunflowe F Temperance Hotel, George Street, 

 " A R lecture was ^Uvered by Mr. Harry Boshier on 

 that in L° ^ur Natural Grasses." Mr. Boshier said 

 charar J. V*u rmatlon of turf [t is necessary to consider the 

 ent f«r£ r root action of the g^ses, for they take diflFer- 



8tOlonsfrnm°*K grOW . th -i. 0ne ^ ° f ******* thrOW OUt 



andf'm? ^e main base which are tufted at intervals, 

 similar 3>*™ ? tuft V be shoots are a « ain thrown up in 



their root* £ ^ the P ^ eUt plant ' WhUst 0thers confine 

 Mr. BoVhfJ 1 n 5 . n e growth, and to explain these systems 



lawn Th! o e * hlblt r ed specimens taken from an ordinary 

 an "mporL; ction of rolling or trampling by cattle plays 



Seedn^rLra.Jf^ l " th * P roduction of a close turf, 

 an aid fn g K eS th / ow out numerous basal shoots, and 

 by the rnllirt P r ? ductiv eness of those shoots is given 

 as tillering passin S over them. This process is known 



an^ m emb. GARDENERS '--- An exceIlent attend" 

 1st ins Mr F e r n" m the - £ bbe * Hal1 on Monda y- th e 

 for sevVral ;L?'„?^7 Presiding. It has been customary 

 ch ange lectnrpL past u for the Reading Association to el 

 Seemly Mr U T r T p" b n he . ^ d j"» and Reigate Society. 



■y «r. T.J. Powell visited Redhill as representative 



of the Reading Association, and, on this occasion, Mr. W, 

 Wells, jun., journeyed to Reading as delegate from the Red- 

 hiil and Reigate Society. Mr. Wells' subject was " Early- 

 flowering Chrysanthemums. " He gave instructions as to the 

 treatment of cuttings so as to secure good sturdy plants, 

 whether required for pot culture or for piantmg out. He 

 also gave a resume of the remarkable developments made 

 with the flower from the year 1846 until the present time, 

 and drew attention to the simple manner in which Chry- 

 santhemums may be raised from seed. Finally Mr. Wells 

 gave a comprehensive selection of the best varieties to grow 



THE WEATHER 



the 

 the 

 the 



The Following Summary Record of 



weather throughout the British Islands, for 

 week ending April 13, is furnished from 

 Meteorological Office: 



GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 



The weather.— During the early half of the week the con- 

 ditions were very unsettled, with jain or passing showers 

 in all districts, and a considerable quantity of sleet and 

 snow in the north. The later days of the period were 

 generally fair or fine, but a few local showers occurred— 

 mostly in the east and north. 



The temperature was below the normal except in Ireland 

 S. and the English Channel, but the difference was slight 

 except in the north of Scotland. The highest of the 

 maxima were recorded at most stations either on the 7th 

 or 13th, and ranged from 63° in the Midland counties and 

 62° in some other English districts to 52° in Scotland N, 

 The lowest of the minima, which occurred generally be- 

 tween the 9th and 12th, ranged from 20° in Scotland E. 

 and 23° in England S.E. to 40° in the English Channel. 

 The lowest gra?s readings reported were 14 Q at Birming- 

 ham and Newton Rigg, 15° at Raunds and Wisley, and 16° 

 at Kew and Wcrksop. Both at 1 foot and 4 feet below 

 the surface of the soil the temperature was still above the 

 average. 



The mean temperature of the sea.— The water was again 

 warmer than during the corresponding week of last year 

 on almost all parts of our coast, and its temperature was 

 generally above the average. The mean for the week 

 ranged from about 60° on the south-west coast of England 

 to 42° at Cromarty and Burnmouth. 



The rainfall was less than the average except in Scot- 

 land N. and E. At Stornoway and Fort Argustus as much 

 as 1*2 inch was recorded on the 7th, and at Glencarron 

 2*7 inches. On the 8th the snow at Lerwick yielded 

 0*96 inch of water. In various parts of eastern and 

 south-eastern England the rain was very slight ; at Totten- 

 ham, Wisley and Dungeness there was none. 



The bright sunshine was above the average in the eastern 

 section, and also in England N. W. ; below it elsewhere. 

 The mean daily duration amounted to about 7 hours in 

 Eng'and E. and S.E., and the percentage of the possible 

 duration in those districts was as high as 52. In Ireland the 

 mean daily duration was less than 4 hours, and the per- 

 centage only 27; while in Scotland N. the daily duration, 

 less than 3 hours, was equal to only 21 per cent, of the 

 possible. 



THE WEATHER IN WEST HERTS. 



Week e tiding April 17. 



The present dry weather has now lasted for sixteen 

 days.— The past week was, on the whole, a cold one. 

 There were five warm days, but the nights were, with 

 one exception, cold. On the coldest night the ex- 

 posed theimometer registered 16 u ef frost, making this 

 the coldest night, with three exceptions, that I have yet 

 recorded here in April. The ground, notwithstanding the 

 cold night?, is still 2° warmer than is seasonable, both at 

 1 and 2 fett deep. The recent wet period lasted 8 weeks, 

 and came to an end with March, since which time, that 

 is to say duiing the first 16 days of the present month, 

 less than a tenth of an inch of rain has fallen. There has 

 been no percolation through either of the soil gauges for 

 9 days. The sun shone on an average for nearly 7 hours 

 a day, which is If hours a day in excess of the average 

 duration for the middle of April, This was a very calm 

 week ; in fact, in the last 5 days the mean velocity at 

 30 feet above the ground has in no hour exceeded 5 miles. 

 The average amount of moisture in the air at 3 o'clock in 

 the afternoon fell short of a seasonable quantity for that 

 hour by 7 per cent. E. M. t Berkhamsted, April 17, 1912. 



LAW NOTE. 



FAILURE OF A MARKET GARDENER. 



A meeting of the creditors of Henry William 

 Axten, market gardener and baker, recently of 

 Colnbrook, Bucks., and also of Limpson, Middle- 

 sex, took place on the 11th inst. The gross 

 liabilities amounted to £1,507 14s. 8d., of which 

 £1,493 13s. 6d. was due to unsecured orders. The 

 assets consisted of £80 14s. 7d., which included 

 an item of £50 12s. 5d. as good book debts ; the 

 balance at bank amounted to 2s. 2d., w T hilst the 

 stock in trade was valued at £15. 



In the course of his examination debtor stated 

 that he commenced business as a baker at Coin- 

 brook in 1896; in 1905 he started the market 

 gardening business on a capital of £500, which 

 he borrowed from his father. He attributed his 

 failure to losses on fruit gardens owing to bad 

 seasons. In the absence of a quorum of creditors, 

 the estate was left in the hands of the Official 

 Receiver. 



MARKETS. 



COVENT GARDEN, April 17. 



[We cannot accept any responsibility for the subjoined 

 reports. They are furnished to us regularly every 

 Wednesday, by the kindness of several of the principal 

 salesmen, who are responsible for the quotations. It 

 must be remembered that these quotations do not repre- 

 sent the prices on any particular day, but only the 

 general averages for the week preceding the date of our 

 report. The prices depend upon the quality of the 

 samples, the way in which they are packed, the supply 

 in the market, and the demand, and ther may fluctuate, 

 not only from day to day, but occasionally several times 

 in ene day.— Eds.1 



Cut Flowers. Ac: Aftrage Wholesale Prices. 



I 



Arums (Richardias) 

 Azalea, per dozen 

 buncl.es 



— mollis, per 

 bunch 



Camellias, per box 

 of 18's and 24s 



Carnations, p. doz. 

 blooms, best 

 American var. 



— smaller, per 



doz. bunches 



— Carola, crim- 

 son, extra large 



Kucharis, per doz. 

 Gardenias, per box 



of 15 and 18 



blooms... 

 Iris (Spanish), per 

 doz. bunches : 



white, mauve, 

 e 1 lo w and 



lue 



Lilac, per bunch 

 white 



— mauve 



Lilium auratum. 



fer bunch 

 o ngiflorum, 

 long, per doz. 



— short, per doz. 



— 1 a ncif oli am 

 alba, long 



— — short 



— speciosum rub- 

 rum, dz. blooms: 



— long 



— short 



Lily of the Valley, 



p. dz. bunches: 



— extra special ... 



— special 



— ordinary 

 Marguerite, per 



doz. bunches: 



— Yellow 



Myosotis (Forget- 

 me-not), p. dz. 

 bunches 



Narcissus, per doz. 

 bunches: 



— Emperor 



— Grandee 



— Orange Phoenix 



— Poeticus 



— Sir VVatkin ... 



— Poetarium 



«.d. s.d. 

 16-20 



3G-40 



16-19 



16-20 



16-19 

 10 0-15 



2 6-80 



3 0-36 



... 2 0-40 



12 0-18 



2 6-30 



3 0-36 



4 0-50 



A. 



9 



2 



6- 

 0- 



2 0- 

 1 6- 



3 

 2 6 



26 

 2 



1 9- 

 9- 



2 

 1 



15 0-18 





10 0- 

 80 







2 0- 2 G 



3 0-40 



2 6-30 

 2 0-26 

 2 — 

 10-13 

 16-20 

 16-20 



Narcissus, per doz. 

 bunches : 



— Bmrrii 



Orchids, Cattleya, 



Ser doz. 

 dontoglossum 

 crispum 

 Pelargoniums, 

 p. dz. bunch* 



— Double Scarlet 

 Primroses, per doz. 



bunches 

 Roses, 12 blooms, 



— Brides maid, 



— C. Mermet 



— Frau Karl 

 Druschki 



— General Jac- 

 queminot 



— Liberty 



— Madame 

 Chateney 



— Niphetos 



— Richmond 



— Sunrise 



— President Car- 

 not 



— Lady Roberts 



— Lady Hilling- 

 don 



— Franz Decgan 



— Kaiserine 

 Spirasa(Astilbe) ja- 



Conica, per. doz. 

 uuches .. 

 Sweet Peas (white), 

 pr. doz. bnchs. 

 Tulips, per bunch : 



— double pink ... 



yellow 



scarlet 



— p. dz. bunches: 



— white 



— yellow 



— scarlet 



— bronze .. 



— pink ... 



— Darwi n, 



shades, 

 bunch ... 

 Violets, p. dz. bchs. 



— Princess of 

 Wales, per doz. 

 bunches 



— Parma 



Wallflowers, per 



dozen bunches 



s.d. s.d. 



0-2 6 



. 12 



3 0-40 



4 0-50 

 8 0-12 



9-10 



10-16 

 10-16 



2 0-26 



1 0- 



2 0- 



2 0- 

 1 6- 

 9 0- 

 1 0- 



1 

 4 



4 

 2 



8 









 6 



3 6 

 1 6 



3 0- 3 

 2 0-26 



2 0-26 



3 0-36 

 16-30 



all 

 per 



4 0-50 



16-20 



6-09 

 10-16 

 13-16 



8 0-90 

 6 0-70 

 6 0-80 



H0-90 

 6 0-80 



9-1 

 13-2 











3 0-4 

 2 0-2 





 6 



2 0-26 



Cut Foliage, Ac: Average Wholesale Prices. 



A d i an t um Fern 

 (Maidenhair), 

 best,dz. bnchs. 



Agrostis (Fairy 

 Grass), per dz. 

 bunches 



Asparagus plu- 

 mosus, long 

 trails, pr. Jdoz. 



— medium, doz. 

 bunches 



— Sprengeri 

 Carnation foliage, 



doz. bunches... 



s.d. s.d. 



7 0-80 



2 0-40 



s.d. s.d. 



... 12 0-15 



16-20 



12 0-18 

 10 12 



40 - 



Croton foliage, var- 

 ious, per dozen 

 bunches 



Cycas leaves, arti- 

 ficial, per doz. 3 0-12 



Eulalia japonica, 

 per bunch 



Moss, per gross ... 



Myrtle, dz. bchs. 

 (Engl is h), 

 small-leaved... 

 — French 



Smilax, per bunch 

 of 6 trails 



1 



6 



0- 

 



1 6 



6 



I 





 



1 6 



21 0-90 

 HO 0-60 

 36 0-42 



Plants In Pots, Ac: Ave 



s.d. s.d. 

 Acacia lineata, 48's, 



per dozen ... 18 0-21 



Aralia Sieboldii, p. 



dozen 6 0-70 



Araucaria excelsa, 



per dozen ... 18 0-21 



Asparagus plumo- 



sus nanus, p.dz. 10 0-12 



— Sprengeri ... 8 0-90 

 Aspidistra, p. dz., 



green 



— variegated 

 Azaleas, per doz. 

 Boronia Megastig- 



ma,48's,p, dz. 21 0-24 

 Cinerarias, pr. dz. 8 0-90 

 Cocos Weddeli- 



ana.per dozen: 



— 60*s .. 



— larger, each ... 

 Croton, per dozen 

 Cyperus alterni- 



folius, per doz. 



— laxus, per doz. 

 Daffodils, per doz. 

 Dracaena, green, 



per dozen 

 Ericas per dozen: 



— Willmorei, 48's 15 0-18 



— persoluta 

 Ferns, in thumbs, 



per 100... 



12 0-20 

 60 — 



8 12 



per 



. 10 0-18 



per 

 per 



9 0-12 



.. 10 0-12 



6 0-80 

 2 6-76 



6 0-12 



2 6-10 6 



18 0-30 



5 0-6 

 4 0-50 



6 0-80 



...' 10 0-12 



» » » 



27 0-30 



» 



8 0-12 



rage Wholesale Prices. 



s.d. s.d. 

 Ferns, in small and 



large 00*s 



— in 48's, doz. ... 



— choicer, sorts 

 per doz. 



— in 32s, 

 dozen ... 



Fie us elastica, 



dozen ... 

 Genistas, 48's, 



doz. 

 Geonoma gracilis, 

 60's. per dozen 



— larger, each ... 



Hyacinths white & 



n) r ,\ r ||n^c 10 0-12 



Hydi an ;£eas, J white, 



48's, per <fczen 18 21 

 Kentia Belmore- 



ana, per dozen 



— Fosteriana, 



60's, per dozen 



— larger, per doz. 

 Latania borbonica, 



per dozen 

 L i \'\ u m 1 o n g i - 



riorum, p. doz. 20 0-21 



— lancifolium ru- 

 brum in pots, 



er dozen 



an c if ol ium 

 alba 



5 0-42 



4 0-60 

 18 0-60 



12 0-30 



I 



15 18 



15 0-18 



