April 27, 1912.] 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 



271 



THE 



the American system of growing cover 

 crops in tillage plantations. 



is not the same scope or need for the plan 

 here as there is where the trees are 30 feet 



/i^n^MYM^ riTnrrrni r P These are all interesting subjects, and to 40 feet apart as they are commonly 

 ©atOCtUlS IMJXUIUHL are importa b nt . but others Planted in the United States; moreover 



No. 1,322.— SATURDAY, April 27, 1912. 



CONTENTS. 



Aberdeen Horticultural 

 Society, proposed ... 

 Adams, H. J., the late 

 Alpine garden, the 



Apples, late dessert ... 



Birds and fruit buds ... 



Books, notices of — 



Asiatic Palms 



Flora of New Guinea 



Bulgaria, botanising in 



Campbell, Dr., retire- 

 ment of... 



Carnations, perpetual. .. 



Ceylon Agricultural De- 

 partment 



Daphne indica 



Eschscholtzia casspitosa 



Flowers in season 



Forest trees, exotio ... 



Friend or foe ? ... 



Fruit crops, frost and 

 tue 



Fruit growing, research 



in... 

 Fruit trees, spraying, in 



summer. 



Gazaland, notes on the 

 -economic flora of 



Hollyhock rust, the ... 



1 ilea I Homes Exhibition 



Insects, collecting and 

 preserving 



International Horticul- 

 tural Exhibition 



Irises, notes on — 

 Some new Iris hybrids 



Kew Gardens, earlier 

 opening of 



Larch, abnormal de- 

 velopment of cones on 



young 



Linnean Medal, award 

 of the 



Magnolia salicifolia ... 



281 

 281 

 2,7 

 285 

 285 



273 



'275 

 274 



283 

 281 



S81 

 2S5 

 275 

 231 



277 

 276 



285 



271 



290 



283 

 280 

 L82 



289 

 2S2 

 274 



281 



285 



281 



285 



Missouri Botanic Garden 



Obituary- 

 Smith, Jonathan 



Orphan Fund, Royal 

 Gardeners* 



Parks, games in the 



Royal 



Phloxes, border 



Plants, new or note- 

 worthy — 



Lilium myriophyllum 

 Primula secund i flora ... 



Primula Wattii ... 

 Sanguinaria canadensis 

 Scotland, flowers in 

 south-western 



Societies — 



Devon Daffodil and 

 Spring Flower 



Hants. Spring Flower 



Herefordshire Spring 

 Flower 



Horticultural Club ... 



National Auricula and 

 Primula 



N. of Scotland Hort. 



Royal Horticultural... 



(Scientific Committee) 



Royal Hort. of Ireland 



Royal Meteorological 



Surveyors' Institution 

 South African fruit 



trade, the 



Strawberries, pot 

 Trees and shrubs— 



Forsythias 



Wallflowers, rogue ... 

 Week's work, the— 



Flower garden, the ... 



Fruits under glass ... 



Hardy fruit garden ... 



Kitchen garden, the... 



Orchid houses, the .. 



Plants under glass ... 



283 



planted in the United States ; moreover, 

 our trees do not often suffer from drought 

 as trees do in the hotter American sum- 



ciann, in ^^^^^^^^^^ mer s. Even for protection from drought, 



than some of those named. I he trials or * * rtWNV ^ *„* /» M ;a,. 



new varieties of fruit upon a commercial the growth of grain ciops for cove 



basis might well, I think, be left to com- common m the United States, can haidly 



some of them are important; but others 

 may be suggested which have a higher 

 claim, in my opinion, to prompt attention 



285 mercial growers. Some years 



will be k° an advantage, though the cultiva- 



281 necessary for testing new varieties, and 



even then the results on one particular 

 farm will not be of much value, as a variety 

 which succeeds in one district often fails 

 in another. 



£81 



285 



272 

 231 

 286 

 284 



284 



tion of Clovers or Lucrne, for plough- 

 ing in, , may be advantageous in all 

 respects, including the fertilisation of 

 the soil Where bush fruits are grown 

 among trees, cover crops are out of the 

 question. With respect to depth of culti- 



288 



286 



286 



281 



281 

 288 

 281 

 286 

 286 

 286 

 281 



282 

 284 



283 

 285 



278 



279 

 278 

 279 

 279 

 278 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Chrysanthemum leaf-miner •-• •« 



Cups to be presented at the Royal International Horti- 

 cultural Exhibition *'"» 



Eschscholtzia ceespitosa, a bed of 



Lilium myriophyllum, bulb of, 272 ; flower of 



Millipedes 



Onosma tauricum 



Petrea volubilis 



Primula secundiflora (Supplementary Illustration) 



Primula Wattii, a flowering plant of — •-• ••• 

 Sanguinaria canadensis in Cambridge Botanic Gardens 



290 



283 

 275 

 273 

 276 

 274 

 287 



286 



284 



With respect to Apple stocks it is said ^ thefe can hardly be any doubt fchftt 



that there are numerous varieties of the {t ghould bg no greater than ig neC essary 



paradise stock, and that there is great {or the destruction of weedS) lest the roo t s 



confusion in relation to them. 1 know ot q£ ^^ and bugheg ghoul(J be iujured< 

 no confusion, except that French nursery- ^ 8tionB named above appear to 



men send out the Doucm stock as identical gome q{ the mogt 



with the Broad-leaf English Paradise, and *-. 



the question is whether the latter is only a urgent subjects for research. 1 the first 



particular strain of the former, or whether P^ce, I should put experiment m the 



it has been developed into a distinct type, manuring of different kinds of fruit, con- 



It would be worth while to settle this cerning which there is a dearth of definite 



point. English commercial growers do not information. For years, no effect was 



plant Apples raised on the French Para- noticeable at Woburn from the application 



dise which is of too dwarf a habit for of manures to Apple trees, and it is only 



any purpose than that of growing them in lately that the good effect of farmyard 



the limited space of a garden. As to the manure has been reported as evident. In 



free stock, it is true, as stated, that it SO me trials carried on for the New York 



varies greatly. Seeing that it consists of Experiment Station, beginning in 1900 on 



seedlings from Apple pips obtained from Apple trees planted in 1899, the results, up 



cider mills, it cannot fail to be variable. to and i nc i u ding 1910, were hardly appreci- 



There is no doubt that this is a slovenly ab j e Farmyard manure and a mixture of 



way of raising seedlings for stock, and the art i fic j a i man ure containing 'nitrogen, 



suggestion that a search should be made each showed a very slight effect in the last 

 among the numerous varieties for a strong r Qr ^ bufc not sufficient to ren der 



stock of constant habit is a good one. 



the applications remunerative. The soil. 



Similarly, it will be interesting and in- aHh h not a first . rate one {or < rlliti was 



.tractive to compare the results of using commencement of the trials 



scions and buds from j^™£» "^ to contain in the top foot enough nitrogen 



? r0dUCt .'_ Ve . t .T! t\?r:ZtZV h :£t * last mature Apple trees 183 years, suf- 



ficient phosphoric acid for 295 years, and 



anv difference between them. 



\\ ■ „„f c in fV,« T^rnnino- of bush potash enough for 713 years. My own 



As to experiments in the pruning oi dush f . , , ,, ^-4-i 



fruits it is said that there is considerable trials have not been sufficiently sys- 



' - - • ■ " tematised or protracted to enable me to 



The 



RESEARCH IN FRUIT 



GROWING, 



N addition to financial assistance from 

 the Development Fund for advisory differ«u» o^ °P in >° BkX andfRed come to many certain conclusions. 



- work in the south-eastern counties a ^^J*3 ^ eberr f e8 . The only dif- differences in the natural vigour of indi- 

 gent for research in connection with fruit Currants an ^ ^ ^ ^^ treeg ^^ ^ ^^ ^^ 



and Hop growing has been promised to ference oi :ojn desirability precise measurements of wood and leaves, 

 the South-Eastern Agricultural College, notice is witn respect, * f ^ 



grant for the purpose of establishing and 

 equipping a research fruit and Hop planta- 



Kent. It is proposed to use the of spurring Goosebernes. 



_ to be certain as to the effects of different 



The subject of the setting or non-setting dressings of manure ; but I have seen un- 



blossoms is one of the highest impor- mistakable benefit from the application of 



equipping ;a researcn iruii ,anu lxlo* ■ px»u^ ^J£ M ° t ig a comprehensive subject, a comp i e te artificial dressing to young 



tion-on about 20 acres of good fruit land j^^^ J^^ Light upon the Black Currant bushes in two seasons, and 



in Kent. It 



intended that the land 



shall b^ planted gradually with fruit trees nature of spray injury would be interest- some effect G n Gooseberry bushes, while 



and bushes, including a collection of varie- 

 ties on which spraying trials may be con- 

 ducted, new varieties for trial, and dif- 

 ferent Apple stocks for investigation of 

 their characteristics and their 

 upon the trees raised upon them. 



mg, but hardly of much value. At the ev idence in the case of Plums has been 



same time, it is important to settle the a i mos t conclusive. In the case of Apple 



question whether the use of any particular trees ^ they have a pp ea red to respond to 



washes on trees in grass land grazed by { armyar( j manure, but not to artificial mix- 



effect stock is injurious to the animals. 



tures at present. Among the trials should 



Other subjects which will be investigated 



same 



There cannot be any doubt as to the 1m- b ^ ^^ ^ {th guch organic man ures as 



dried blood, and fish manure, com- 

 monly used in some fruit districts. The 



portance of testing whether the common 



established A ~ 



plan ot grassing 



Apple 



«^ piuuuuuveness among irees ui mt sttmn f aw " — ° ~ , _. n r moniy useu m d^xxic A xi** v v*xov*x^ v «. 



variety (the question to be decided being orchards is a good or a bad one. do lar ^as re tive effects of limei iron, and mag- 



whether variation of productivity is due 



to the const.ifciif.irmR nf fchp buds or sn.ionS 



number of experiments 



Woburn 



used in budding or grafting); the prim- shown, grassing 

 mg of bush fruits; the causes of blossom 

 not setting ; injury done to trees 

 spraying, and the alleged injury to live- 



1S 



disadvantageous to 



nesia should also be tested. 



Next may be suggested thorough re- 

 search into the life histories and migra- 



wth of trees and size of fruit; but the search into the me nisiones aim m ^ r 

 growth of trees a n^ size o ' tiong of the seve ral species of the aphis. 



Jill UiUVVUAJ. V^- w-— , , • t 



bv case has not been made clear m reference 



to profits, taking the comparative expenses 



ystems into account. As to 



No one has yet been able to explain 

 how Plum trees particularly, and Apples 



£f ! '£Xr 3«£S£KS iSXSSE X^as, t^e o Dly less *«*,. beoo m e oove^ * 



