Mat 11, 1912.] 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



321 



— 



though covered by a mat, but it has broken 

 well all along the shoots, and is evidently not 

 permanently harmed. Hardenbergia monophylla 

 alba was very badly cut and lost almost all its 

 leaves, but is now giving signs of breaking again 

 along the lower branches, though all the small 

 wood is dead. 



It is curious how differently plants that are 

 natives of the same country behave. As has 



the New Zealand 



mentioned, 

 though 



Solanum 

 killed. 



been 



aviculare, though well protected, was 



Edwardsia (Sophora) Macnabiana, of which there 



' a fine specimen 7 feet in height, is also a 



is 



native of New 



protected, 

 not a leaf 



it 



was 

 being 



the 



Zealand, but, 

 unharmed 



by 

 It 



though 

 the 



un- 

 fiost, 

 bush 



injured. it is a 



. and in March it bore a 



Another 



12 



growing in tne open, 

 profusion of its bright yellow flowers. 

 New Zealand tree, Plagianthus Lyallii, 

 feet high, is uninjured and gives promise of 

 bearing a plentiful crop of flowers. Olearia in- 



also a native of New Zealand, is un- 



The 



sigms 



harmed, and is bearing seven flower-buds. 

 rare New Zealand climber, Convolvulus tugurio- 

 rum, which suffered severely in the drought last 

 summer, is doing marvellously well, and has com- 

 pletely covered the wall to a height of 10 feet, 

 and a greater breadth with its pretty, small, 

 heart-shaped foliage. This shows that while 

 some New Zealand plants are practically hardy, 

 there are others that are very tender, and will 

 hardly bear any frost. The rare South African 

 shrub Bowkeria Gerardiana, of which there is a 

 specimen about 8 feet in height and as much 

 through is quite unhurt. Acacia armata and A. 

 cordifolia were badly cut, but were not quite 

 killed. 





Early in April I spent a short time in southern 

 Cornwall, and visited several erardens. all of 



Mr. 



several gardens, 

 which had serious losses to deplore. At 

 Howard Fox's garden, Rosehill, Falmouth, 10^° 

 were registered, and among the losses were 

 Acacia verticillata, A. lophantha, Solanum avicu- 

 lare, the Cape Silver Tree (Leucadendron argen- 

 teum), Sparmannia africana, Melaleuca hyperici- 

 folia, Agapetes buxifolia, Calceolaria Burbidgei, 

 Grevillea robusta, Cantua buxifolia and Erio- 

 cephalus africanus. The great plants of Datura 

 sanguinea and D. flava, which were in flower at 

 Christmas, were cut to the ground, but 



were 

 breaking again from 



to 

 the 



ground, 

 base. 



are 



Brachyglottis 



mata, Olearia ramulosa, 0. argophyllaj and 

 Grevillea alpina. Some of the more tender Rho- 

 dodendrons were also badly injured. At Cann 

 House, near Plymouth, a fine plant of Lagunaria 

 Patersonii, about 7 feet high, growing against a 



mums perished, as did Goodia lotifolia. The 

 frost was so severe that many plants even in 

 frames, which were covered with straw mats and 



tarpaulins, were destroyed. 



was killed, and 



One plant of Olearia 



other losses 



walls were cut to the ground. 



coronopi- 

 Sobralia 







FlG. I59. — ROYAL INTERNATIONAL HORTI- 

 CULTURAL EXHIBITION. 



(Cup presented by Mrs. H. D. Greene.) 



wall, was killed, as was Lonicera Hildebrantiana. 

 Here there were 22° of frost. At Elfordleigh, 

 about two miles from Plympton and at the fringe 

 of the moor, 27 /0 were registered. Two great 

 plants of Clethra arborea, growing in the corners 

 of the house wall, and covered by Archangel 



msignis was Kiuea, ana among 

 were Polygonum capitatum, Gilia 

 folia, Schizanthus, Cinerarias and 

 macrantha. A curious thing was that, in 

 spite of the severity of the frost, Calceo- 

 laria integrifolia, which is stated by some 

 writers to be too tender for open-air culture, re- 

 mained alive. Every leaf was blackened, but all 

 the plants are now bursting strongly all along 

 their shoots. Tree Ferns were very badly in- 

 jured everywhere, every frond being absolutely 

 killed and brown, but they are now throwing up 

 fresh fronds from amid the withered ones; but 

 in the majority of cases these are fewer in num- 

 ber than the old ones. Even at Elfordleigh, with 

 27° of frost, the Tree Ferns are alive. At the 

 Rev. A. T. Boscawen's garden, at Ludgvan Rec- 

 tory, 18° of frost were registered, and his won- 

 derful collection of rare and tender plants, an 

 article on which hae appeared in these columns, 

 suffered serious losses. At Trewidden, Mr. T. B. 

 Bolitho's garden, to the west of Penzance, 18° 

 was also recorded. As a rule, the further west 

 one goes the less severe is the frost, but in this 

 instance this has been reversed, and the hardest 

 frosts have occurred in the westernmost districts. 

 At Trewidden splendid specimens of Clethra ar- 

 borea were killed, among which was one magni- 

 ficent example over 20 feet in height, which was 

 growing beneath a tall Fir, which might have . 

 been expected to save it. Great hedges of Chori- 

 zema were killed, as was Lasiandra macrantha 

 and Lonicera Hildebrantiana, and on a wall num- 

 bers of tender plants were ruined. At Carclew, 

 Clianthus puniceus was killed, but a fine bush of 

 Tricuspidaria dependens, about 17 feet in height, 

 was absolutely unharmed. I omitted to state 

 that in my garden Witsenia corymbosa was killed 

 and Cantua buxifolia, growing against a wall 



mats, were practically killed, as was Clianthus with a glass light over it, lost every leaf, but is 



breaking strongly again all over its branchlets. 

 Wyndham Fitzherbert. 



repanda was badly cut and lost every leaf, but 

 is now breaking strongly again on almost every 

 branch. Tacsonia quitensis, which covered the 

 house, was cut to the ground, but upon 

 nation a tiny shoot was found starting from the 

 base. At Trebah, where 12° were registered, 

 almost all of the large and valuable collection of 

 Acacias were lost, the only ones saved being A. 

 dealbata, A. Baileyana and A. Riceana. A great 

 tree of A. longifolia, over 40 feet in height, which 

 bad been growing about 40 years, was killed, this 

 showing that such a frost has not been experi- 

 enced for a very long time. All the Echiums, of 

 which there were a quantity, were killed except" 

 one, which was protected. Brachyglottis repanda 

 was killed, as was Peoralea pinnata. A fine speci- 

 men of the Silver Tree was also destroyed and Bou- 

 gamyillea glabra that had lived foryears against 

 a w * u Perished. All the rare climbers on the house 



The splendid 

 specimen of Acacia dealbata 50 feet in height, 

 which was the finest in Cornwall, was blown down 

 ln , a § ale during the winter. At Tregothnan, 

 wnere 14° of frost were registered, two small 

 Pants of Olearia insignis growing in the open 

 oorder were killed, and a fine plant of Bowkeria 



**S *' 10 feet hi s h > a P resent from m y 



&J*A A WaS Cut to the base and is apparently 

 jaa. Acacia diffusa, A. pyenantha and several 



knn P i** 6 s P ecies wer * destroyed, as were Me- 



were M6° ' ?* nksia and Czarina. At Enys there 



AW* frost, and a very fine specimen of puniceus 



said 2T e * cel ™ m > 14 feet in height, which was 

 was wii V lar S est sample in the south-weet, 



^^^™ 



FlG. 160. — ROYAL INTERNATIONAL HORTI- 

 CULTURAL EXHIBITION. 



(Cup presented by East Suffolk.) 



<^ ll6d ' and amon g other P^nt« that sue- Calceolaria violace* was killed to the ground, 

 ^ bed wer » Brachyglottu repanda, Acacia ar- Arbutus canadensis died, and many Hehanthe- 



HU u«~-. Several shrubby Veronicas were de- 

 stroyed, and both Solanum crispum, generally 

 considered fairly hardy, and S. aviculare perished. 

 Calceolaria violace* was killed to the ground, 



NOTES ON THE ECONOMIC FLORA OF 



6AZUAND. 



(Continued from p. 297.) 



In the order Sapotacese, as might be expected, 

 the chief character of the plant products is th# 

 presence of a milky latex, though Mr. Swynner- 

 ton does not state that any of them are capable 

 of furnishing rubber. Chrysophyllum natalense 

 is a milk-giving species, as well as C. fulvum, 

 which is a new species, described as being one of 

 the largest trees of the Chirinda forests, reaching 

 a height of 120 feet. The milky latex is also 

 stated to be abundant in the fruits, and the trunk 

 is buttressed, projecting to a considerable dis- 

 tance on all sides. C. argyrophyllum is usually a 

 small tree, producing fruits that are said by the 

 natives to be excellent eating. The wood of this 

 species is hard, and is used for making bows. A 

 new species of Mimusops, M. sylvestris, produces 

 an edible fruit containing a milky juice. 



Though the principal economic character of the 

 Ebenaceae is the intense hardness of its woods, 

 as evidenced by the ebony of commerce, only 

 one plant is referred to on account of this quality, 

 namely, Maba Mualala, and of this it is curious 

 to note, that though Mr. Swynnerton describes 

 it as so " hard that even young wood will turn 

 any nail," he further says that " the yellowish- 

 white wood has been found useful." Such borers 

 as do attack it leave it after a short time, but 

 young poles with the bark on are apt to become 

 speedilv riddled and useless, the borers com- 

 mencing under the bark, and then proceeding to 

 the sapwood and finally to the heart; when 

 barked, however, they are said to remain com- 

 paratively sound. In the order Apocyneae, one 

 new species of Landolphia is described, namely 

 L. Swynnertonii, a large woody climber yielding 

 a milky latex, and excellent rubber though 



