854 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



[May 25, 1912, 



Co - operative Fruit Associations 



Ontario.— A recent publication of the Ontario 

 Department of Agriculture, the Bulletin of 



in by a mortgage on the property. The mortgage 

 debt has, however, been paid off by the share 

 capital subscribed by new members. The sales 



The Importation of Horticultural Pro- 

 duce in U.S.A.— The permanent committee of 

 Belgian horticulturists is seriously concerned with 



quan 



tities of agricultural requirements to its mem- 

 bers. Yet another type of general fruit associa- 

 tion is found in the Grimsby Co-operative Asso- 

 ciation, which consists of seven large fruit- 



adopted recently in the United States with re- 

 spect to the importation of nursery stock and other 

 horticultural produce into the United States. 

 The committee points out that not only are cer- 

 tificates of exemption from disease required from 



Economic and Social Intelligence, published by of fruit amount to »bout TO>000 dollars a year, the effects ^the ^«J»^khj»ve been 



the International Institute of Agriculture, gives 

 some particulars relative to the co-operative fruit 

 associations in Ontario. These may be divided 

 roughly into three classes: (1) Apple associa- 

 tions, shipping mainly to distant markets; (2) 

 general fruit associations, shipping to both 



home and distant markets; (3) small fruit asso- - . 



Sons, shipping mainly to home markets. As a equal portions. The small fruit association, are but that the official, who are charged w,th the 



Jypical example of an Apple-shipping association nearly all local branches of the Ontario Fruit work of inspection often deem it ne ess ry to 



mentioned the Fruit lorest Growers' Associa- Association. The object of this Association is submit the imported goods to drastic treatmen , 



In, which is simple in form, having no shares; the advancement of fruit-growing interests f d as xample pi^d essl ^-J*** 



growers, cultivating, in the aggregate, nearly 500 exporters by all the States of the Union, except 



The shares are held by the members in Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, and X. Dakota, 



acres. 



it is not itself a trading body, but its branches 



consignments. The committee cites several in- 



l Z buy r, ;w : r e^„T^ ply £££ W to d^ ^ e^U« «***» both stances i. -hid, .h* woo.d appear to be „„,,„, 



bank a certain percentage of the price before the for the sale of fruit and the purchase of require- zeal on the part of inspectors has resulted m eon- 



fruit is shipped and the remainder within so ments. 

 many days. The society pays to each member a 

 certain price per barrel, reserving a little more 

 than sufficient to pay expenses. At the annual 

 meeting all remaining moneys are divided 

 amongst the growers in proportion to the business 



Seeds and Plants Imported into America 

 January 1-March 31, 1911.— The Bureau of 

 Plant Industry publishes in Bulletin No. 233 

 another instalment of its valuable lists of pro- 



siderable loss to exporters. Having regard to 

 the fact that one of the chief subjects for discus- 

 sion at the Scientific Congress held this week in 

 connection with the International Exhibition is 

 this difficult question of restrictive legislation, 

 we do not propose to dwell on the subject at the 

 present time. Doubtless, when the subject is 

 dealt with at the Congress the new American 

 legislation will be brought under consideration. 



The Treatment of " Finger and Toe. 

 The value of lime in combating this disease has 

 long been known, and has been demonstrated 

 again recently by Prof. Gilchrist at Cockle 

 Park Farm, Northumberland. Mr. Walter 

 Collinge, in a paper published in the Journal 

 of the Land Agents' Society (x., May, 1911) re- 

 commends the following treatment for land 

 known to be infected with the organism 

 responsible for this disease of Turnips and other 

 Cruciferous plants :— (1) the use of ground, un- 

 slaked lime (15 cwts. to the acre) ; (2) sulphuring 

 the land after treatment with lime (5 cwts. to 

 the acre). 



FlG. I74. — ANDROSACE HENRYi: FLOWERS WHITE, FLUSHED WITH PURPLE 



ANDROSACE HENRYI. 



This distinct and pretty species (see fig. 

 174) was named after Dr. Augustine Henry, 

 who found it growing in mountain woods 

 in Hupeh, at an elevation of 6,000 feet, 

 in 1888. Seeds were received from the 

 Arnold Arboretum in the spring of last year 

 being a portion of those collected in Central 

 China by Mr. E. H. Wilson on his last journey 

 in that country. They germinated freely, some 

 being kept in pans in a cold frame, whilst others 

 were planted out in the rock garden. The latter, 

 although fully exposed, lived through the winter 



and flowered freely during April. Those plants, 



,. 1 ..._•__ _j 4. rtrt +;^r. in a frame 



done with the society. The average annual pack 

 is about 7,000 barrels. A similar business is 



ported recently into U.S.A. From Chinese Tur- 

 carried on by the Oshawa Fruit Growers* Asso- kestan, Mr. F. N. Meyer has contributed many 



ana nowerea ireei^ uuimg **$«.»*« 



. . .. v- u v— u^t. 4m however, which received protection in a frame 

 mismg seeds and fruits which have been im- no , ,wwd more luxuriant 



ciation, which, however, is organized as a joint- 

 stock company. The other Apple-shipping asso- 

 ciations conform to one or other of these two 

 types. Of the general fruit associations the Bur- 

 lington Fruit Growers' Association is the oldest 

 established. It is remarkable for its simplicity 

 of form. It has neither constitution nor by-laws, 

 but only a verbal agreement between the mem- 

 bers. Nor has it any capital. Each grower packs 

 his own fruit, and it is shipped under his own 

 name and on its individual merits. A manager 

 orders cars for shipment, directs growers when 



promising varieties of Grape suitable for culti- 

 vation for the table, a remarkable collection of 



now ever, vyiikjh lctciv^u r *v*~ 



from the cold winds developed more luxuriant 

 foliage, and produced larger heads of flowers on 

 longer stems. If afforded a sunny, shelterea 

 position, the plant should make an interesting 



vation for the table, a remarkable collection of position, rne pian, *™ "" " Jch con . 



Poplars, including the Desert Poplar (Populus and desirable *^ *T y 



euphraticus), cold-resisting Apricots, varieties 

 of the Chinese Plum-Cherry (Prunus tomentosa) 

 and many varieties of other fruits, such as 

 Peaches, Nectarines, Plums, Apples and Orien- 

 tal Pears. Among introduced trees, Talauma 

 mutabilis, from Java, is mentioned on account of 

 its gorgeous yellow flowers, and as offering to the 

 hybridist an opportunity of attempting a cross 

 between it and hardy Magnolias. All who are in- 



to deliver fruit, and pays over to each grower the terested in plant breeding, and in attempts to 

 price that each shipment of fruit has brought. improve plants in other ways, should consult the 

 For this he is paid a small commission. A dif- 

 ferent type of general fruit association is the 

 St. Catherine's Cold Storage Company. In form 

 this is a joint stock company, but it has worked 

 steadily on co-operative lines. It has a mechani- 



Bulletin, in which the details of these and many 

 other plants of promise are given. As on pre- 

 vious occasions when this aspect of the activities 

 of the Bureau of Plant Industry is under review, 

 we are bound to express our admiration of the 



cal cold storage plant valued at 13,000 dollars. thorough-going way in which the Bureau con- 

 Part of the capital was raised by shares and part ducts its explorations. 



ana aesiraDie auuiuuu iv « ■— j * 



tains several early-flowering and P°P ula L SU . 

 jects suitable for the rock garden. A. lien 

 belongs to a small section of the genus, tn 

 members of which are characterised by rou " 

 leaves on long petioles; those of A. HenI ?' 

 about 6 inches long. The leaves are ° rblcU 

 reniform in shape, 2 to 3 inches in 

 meter, with irregularly-lobed and crenated n^ 

 gins. The scapes vary from 6 to 

 in length, and bear an umbel of « nt 

 faintly flushed with purple. The ^ £ 

 is slightly pubescent, but not sumcien , ^ 

 to make it very susceptible to our r ^ ffl 



foggy winters. From present appear" i >, ^ ^ 

 probably die after flowering, like m ^ ing 

 Chinese Primulas, but seeds which ar r ^ 

 on the plants afford means of perpetual 

 species. W. /. 



