wor 1859] THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETIT, dei 
tie circu des to which both soil ag riculture. It is to be regretted that. ail these Ahoy pes | Or, nvtrsely, the tit 
IT . — — the growth of the have not been er ised. No sooner was op — — itty 2 — — ge » 
gol crop opel o mua sed b be obtained aene | Now if we — — - —— “When a soil is 
condition re I and that the was deriv ed from m rren for w s of which it alread 
H the — ets sd en of m pri. crop | the cl than an idea was propounded that s ince the 0,000 to 15,000. Eus — Poe. how much yc mew 
tember was grown, with as much accuracy as t! t be added in manure to make it fertile? ” 
before it caleulate the time of rising, setting, found in the ash wer e, if added in sufficient — 2 we get a result most disheartening to the — 115 
&e. of any of the heavenly bodies. But to the soil, amply sufficient to e the soil in a 10,000 lbs. of a — constituent like ‘potash pro- 
sathing science has not yet been reduced to that | proper r condition for  agricultu ral pur du uce almost crop, how many hundred. thoi 
sgrica! i t d be required to produ ce à good ei Laie Such a 
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thet — which treats of the motions of stars and to the value ef the pro ductive power: of t 
We do not as yet know all the conditions "^g end. that this vis was 22 by the pee. — go to PEN ora farmer of the Atlantie States go 
planets. the gro maximum crops, nor are the m constituents in the en ro soil to those of a to the — sois of the Wee — za 
requisite y ; ar as we do | single crop. hus in 100 — hels of Wheat and its leave his barren soil i despair. Or if we observe 
= ham, nor are 2 Tiel deren Whi eripi | equivalent of straw we have | difference between the barren and the fertile soils the 
P nees to whi ill be exposed, — <> cae eran P= "Enn f ld 
p ee measure the exact effect — v" circum- Mu. a ‘Straw. [Total to the sandy soil, it will | still have less of potash than 
antes upon the crop -— t nspired. | Potash ng. 80.00 66.00 96.00 the fertile soil. b 
Indeed when we come to sum up y^ Towra upon Sd 1.29 3.00 4.29 — would — ae ae ble. ‘But let us next 
=. . . E wh: prae es. 
= wet sciences, we ‘are surprised a ‘our own pro- 8 nigi Á € 
. This ignorance is the result of the Sulphuric aéid: . 
found -— jest. cep Phosphoric é acid 
fs searcel single e effect in the whole of 5 s A 
mr — th — - = — of — oper kon, | 100,00 00 | 600.00 S — ese si node ri rubs Aaa —.— — 
icated se than is that éffect And hence in removing wis much W — b su the expressed by the figures in the — g A simple cal- 
— basin fested in the pom n o " mas 1 in grain and straw 96 lbs. f pot otash, | culation shows that if Wheat were grown in succession, 
amount of 1 produce. Many of the causes, 4.29 Ibs. of soda, Ce. Nothing was . fter year, and all the te and straw removed 
perature, rain-fill, state of the wind, i 3 than the suggestion that if these substances were from the land, there would be in the fertile soil 
emoy he crop, mu 
siya ight, our control. The |r e 11 
st we ban do with regard to them is to study their] The only preliminary question raised was wi regard | of soda for 1,038,000 bu. ; of lime, 797,000 ; of magnesia, 
efitet aud the times of their activity, and then'seek ‘to 80 to how much of these several nen iMibents was-already | 139 ; of iron, 8 of chlorine, 2000 bu. ; 
mollify other con , as times of sowing, harvesting, present in the soil. And here an appeal was as made to | of f sulphuric acid, 608 ; of phosphoric acid, 6000 bu. ; 
daas to secure a maximum benefit. Other causes, as | the analytical processes of iy chemist with 
thevdiemical and physical state of the soil, und its rela- solving the point in question. The following analyses Or if we Mer the land to produce E bushels per 
— 4 inp are much more within the con- | of two barren soils, and one fertile one, - exhibit an annum the potash would last for 4560 years, the soda 
trol of Ee d hence these become the legi timate | attempted solution. The amount in — nds of the several | for 41,520, the lime for 32, 00, the ph 5160, 
mem farmer’ s study and activity. But it is only | constituents given is that of an aere taken to the the phosphoric acid for 200, and the silicic acid for 
he hove s — ny — pal in the o light of science, | depth of 6 i . dm :— 2 years, e en these immense periods were 
3 gone through w n the vii, the en would if 
— E e ud cer ceni and to explain Barren Sois. Fenris -con., brought up Pl a — set of 
the most. s of ma cram = — find that 2 Sandy. Peaty. t agricultural practice teaches that ‘most produc, 
ure, chemical salt or tive soil ma a few years eropping wi ithout manure, 
prodace Moot, Let double the quaticy vil Pein. epift tA Sige resem A [epe e wa au an at 
mt double the e effect—that which for a few years has Lime — .. — .. 20,000 1,100,000 2, 
he will find its vi 
0,0 
780,000 states good farmi ing. 
of 0 1,500,000 
— : : Iron , || 1,2007000 210,000 9,490,000 gain, seience would teach that all theseveral ash 
— Res cl certain manurial agents that | Chla Traces. Traces, 20,000 constituents. were of — perat as in a — 
„000 
Bi point of 
poor land 
"these things are ess clear if viewed in the um spliorie add | att io ^ 280, 000 
lightof science and philosophy. No effect which is the ett E Au 15 —.— p^ dune but -. sentra q wt a has affixed very. diferent 
resiltot a plurality of causes will vary in the direct Organic matter.. - f | 260,880 oo {| 12,640,000 | degrees of importance to 
a «esl any particular one, or part of | Wat — 8,820,000 | indicated by their —— value, as we shall” — 
we eanses. To be less act let us take a famili At f Bs sig ght, f tk 
RIS apn the annual increase of a man’ s | with the ash. analysis prece ling them, g seems| We may well pause here and ask why nd the — 
ween the teachings science | and the results 
m * of his family; (3) upon the ness which the analysis. affords. the fertile soil | of agricul cultural — ctic Y 
Of his labours; LI pit n the value received contains over thre lion lbs. P po hie toea fs 000 lbs. | fact that science has to'solve a question upon 
of bour; (5) upon the vd uito of n acid, ses one px lbs. of soda T all data which did not embrace all the conditions 
7 up of which that labour is devoted. of which are required plant, as by | which the result desiretl was dependent. d 
ow here operating upon dei increase analysis, the barren soils Ant n only trance ‘of 4 these | practice, like the planet Uranus, has not wed. the 
death wi i. have alluded; that increase de dus: 9888 it in the e ience à 
s em; ; whenanyone e of them variesit tions as are gn in ear days of those tables failed to recognise the perturbations 
does ry one n agricultural chemistry the most exagge rated | produeed b some Neptune yet undiscovered be; 
m. ape liga yp of them i s quartered, nd as the mathematician, Yonfident of the truth of 
or doubled, or trebled, it is not necessarily ao to do. Quack analysts i 5 W pa "America; and Newton's and: ‘Kepler's laws, aiid of the ede 
m halved, eae. a r trebled. Several of| Germany were offering to m y p ht doubt the correctn 
vary, and 3 of wealth may not which would searcly e a * servant: of the astronom: ees tions, so the facts to ick 
ere material may be ubled,thepricereceived.| for Keeping the floor of the laboratory swept, we have just cde na well calc to create 
n of labour may remain the same, but while a chemist would make a good analysis. Indeed | mutual distrust between be “purely scientific man and 
f may be so increased, or the|in works written upon the subject, farmers were the agriculturist. It is.only.by 1 ledge 
S or family expenditure may be so advised to make their own analyses. An iron spoon of both agricultural — and w nee teaches 
. the annual inerement will remain bovis t be substituted for belgie dish, and then | that tl li b 
There may be such a connection bet kers&c. Such) If in agricultural practice we fail Ito get from the 
and when st varies the second varies, i t those immense quantities E substances which 
1 the second varies the third varies, &c., so that vital cu own poss opera: 8 Set their chemistry m most assuredly informs us are in in the soil, it 
vat e from the variation of any particular cause own broken bones and amputate their own 
; the trust this is plain for limbs, to substitute a broad axe for the scalpel to lated by ph sien E mass of granite red. gravel 
Now, we have just such divide the flesh, and e use a cross-cut-saw to cut off 
Gi final result, 
E such complicated relati bave.tho-asmse-chfasical composition as the most pro- 
ede d the whole r range of physical | No chemist, whose opinion is worth the paper on ductive en peat bog or 
ch ‘soil. 
which it was written, would now ex to say that swamp Aide si — 2 the male ens constituents 
aca a so in agriculture; here the his processes are sufficiently delica P d 1 3 
> be attained is the maximum crop rap t| the most luxuriant crops. A soil -that -yields == 
m expense, p kankan . ‘the effect, | in the soil ‘hich may tit t ina dry season may be very unproduc 
tis ‘Which we wi trol it is tl d a b "Soil aa are valuable in a wet one, and the converse. th 
: S ad iliis. the soil; th t d abundance of chemical elements present 
N as are * 9 por de | eres notions 1 — un relation of plants and their|is easily explicable, but such is not always the case. 
i m may In some cases we 
A that there are 9 — often, with the physical cir- soil which cannot be assimilated, and yet we can- 
and that these are no less definite in the ie as y ical uiae state of drainage, not tell why it should not be so. To some such 
in the other, and it is the work of the &c., enable the sci tific man to make suggestions with point my own efforts have been specially devoted for 
lturist to develope the knowledge of Hass to what Gee soil wants for particular ame But the last two years. It is only by studying the dere 
nd. trace out their 9 2 their even then before we can know the value of t these sug- | character of soil in relation to the crops that ar 
PF 
à double quan quantity of a eee manure igi examine the meaning .of the gus icd with rogard to its i capabilites, Its in geo 
donble eflec on the cr tendi la eb ion. The 
i ‘op, and w eceding analysis. Nothing is easier | is no less t than i cal ec 
8 to the quantity of any x md ed fact "adea A ros - 1 have it properly drained, 
or that is added to it in cially when they do not express all the circumstances of 
which js hi not n ily true; in „as is the case in the present instance. 
SN problematical, The terms lbs. of lime in the barren soil is a quan- 
NE CP Me definite mathematical | tity so small that its 5 reaches the ; 
are too en used in e serons limits of chemical 3 ph : tg ie 200 physical ;in 
about relations between er itively certain that it should not be 15,000 o. uestion | 1 a 
ilities in a slovenly manner, which Instead of 20,000 20,000. And we might quote two. analyses — the physical Pape dependent 
A. of their exactness or expresses of the same soil made So the hig ghest a Bor: oru orities Kipanga rea be "of land, and of manure. 
; à the whole ac v "variation should be understood 
tion of chemists singe en, directed to | stance found eh one ri them would occur. 3 The principles Far m may -know ‘how to adapt 
a regard jo my si ps ere entertained lime been present in a very little less quantity e a own peculiar circumstances. As 
bini — to do for have been given as pos enn ee too small to de 
