ki. THE GARDEN “es dp AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTP, 
ower : par red with st steam In the great t Cornish pumping operations of cultivating aud c 
economic in com- | to the depth of from 6 toT diee. es, cultiv voting, or Or Smaak 
ar - p 3 Ibs. of cee hour will | acre, d siderably che epee chakra hó e of 14, 
— at four hours“ — o believe that c € : : rse-power, 1} 
i NOT RE reg 1 hae e I have 
on ordi 
of our agricultural newspapers. The steam-press is developing | powe 
steam cultivation—drawing t the bern of "s the lag- 
behinds of agriculture, vd making them progress in spite o 
their prejudices. I have no fear but that each ien for | produce one 7 
rding 18 pan ges ba^: would exhaust a 
i i al ci 
= 
vol : ing even 
erits. i i uid do as much heavy 5 forma. On our i 
8 will but look M it. I recently saw Mr. 1 Bien wor ps T5 horse whic i ggera "X E J ail eat 240 tons can be carried ons 
k i mon portable vian 8 which are e stoker, pant: and T minutes’ tj 
i ha; xed ' condensing on the qus mon akan rs atv: Compare this with ime of 
rder, Tibet a den 1 E mount to 7l. per mile! whieh Pc 
to ne horse-power for 24 Ibs. of coal, or 21d. The trials 
an abour, i£ of these engines by the Royal Agricultural Society, as reported Saving of Food by Steam Culture.—A dimi i 
md Leue Tope, 48. Kopo was LS byt he ju 0 x pti bout 5 Ibs. one-thir more of our Mirage ge = ution of 
finger, hs of an inch e-power per hour. = ad M miller assured me | the foo — man a vast extent of o Set free for 
oa * I Ro o! ; — heard heavy 1 0 farmers ^ — they that he once, for a wa f corn wi If S ps ik, 
5 ave horses without feet ; Mte the | 14s. 64. worth of coal, Shiah would k goth — 2d. per quarter, or | of its availabl a 1 i roduce of 
h steam, w. re 0 abou tid. p r bushel, coe e w that with the common Cornish | acres mre 3 that something like 2,5000 r 
e init e; farı orse e population.  Spackman 
alke: us 
b w i 
he operations farm on a gra nd pst by s a in fact, that almost everywhere a s 
nd 4 , 
t 
entirely novel w Having witnessed the operation the wind or water-mill, and in addition e have t steam indi 1 L 
I was struck with i — Vat and unerring accuracy ; mine. — of irr m v te E con ing ro : rin t d ae SS Ky chaft: ‘cutting, D 
nes orke i a ay, i x 
of work done, as well as by the 8 of the may befüiriy — that Sae hots power worked 24 hours own sewage sb, pis „ hav 
whole power of the engine without rope, and with a is equal to the labour of six real horses for the same period. enlarged upon the vital niri to thi ye 
mere fractional friction. Every one . sen n Mr. 8 — m Atlantio temer That, eam det night = sewage-irrigation from our towns, that 1 wi ill ina a 
Halkett's paper read before the Society of Arts must would require 6000 real horses to do the work. To imagine to my brother farmers— A. 
have retired with a conviction that the subject was | what space so — pem — require, their food, water, Consider the a Ei F daily folding on the res f 
r of the most peau nd consideration, and of a fair |atténdants, bedding, barn and shoeing, seems an im- I ell-fed hum — o ), and add d u n 
4 possible absurdity, d 3 practical Mie N a farmer uses a mal de eposits “in oe wns, v all the 
——X trial on a large scale. liec odere ne ePi y Ax: L tally ludi — e thee — » m 3 other waste pro- 
1 equ udicrous - a y estimate s 
have pe do this ana An 3 N 5 7 — embarrassmonť. Pp pitting these treasures to flow awa; sto these, ae 
tions. When I see that S ceca ana e tame Ai and what is 4 “willed” by agriculture, and the engineering difficulties will 
— ded speed of 20 a an Vous a whole mile for two- Keam engine to do on a Farm ue n I speak of the eiie 1 8 5 — — Fa s the excrement of human 
panny# ih ex 1 1 feel that the 15 ld in 05 application of steam power in 3 I assume an im- bein send a mals the so that it is in a condition 
the —— of oP ote ibid would: ba $ neten t Mim 1 107 proved and profitable condition of agriculture, very different to flow away, "dum "without pim addition of water, Watford 
and teir, and first cost of his pr railway. - I exhibit from that which unfortunately generally exists; but let me Rugby, and other towns, will bear witness to the facility with 
á photograph pi the machine in 3 performing várious eight a Metros tie and v om — ned farm of 200 acres or | Which this de. eration UA. be affected, a tit must be done by ^ 
fariá If oi duly costly railways pay the share- g five of m re(I make more than 10 — e -— why I mention it in this if 
helders an pe tro 775 and yet take us as cheapl Hee the Tabonrer maker 32 score) ‘there will be plenty to do A s ingle e g 15s. worth of coals every 5 
as the old coach, p Gores Pret of our time, is 74b Erant c ish. Oats, k Rape-cake, cut and steam 2 b 000 40 ‘gallons o of “water, and then forces it throughs 
. utopian to imagine that similar — — — produce agal chaf, thresh n and d dress corn, pum water, and, if opportunity | 12m ch pipe toa tank a mile distant, and 150 feet above the 
effects in agriculture? Is not tim Appio offers work irrigation pumps, and if you add to this the culti- engine. Now it is a quito clea ear that about the same power and 
labour, as much money as S on — — MSS NAR: the 'soil, air 8 bored: -power engine will not have à 232 size ree would re-distribute eme a 
2 By-the-bye bye I have just heard that Boydell’s traction engine Se REGAL UI Ji sès 8 — — to your neighbours enriche à gei he i tho Mod t s e same quantity of water when 
E - corn i i a i 
n ring oals into Manches ewe 1 e a way the money I receive in in 5 ium a ‘culture compared ings of Croy 4 
Way buffers and spriugs were not attached to the machine s, so that my engine only costs the wear and tear and in his *O D anufactu oon —Spack- 
when it had to draw tas BS cim IDO ee eee SHE doge ai my work, irrigation included. is “ Occupations of the Pepe, pi 
buffers and springs, our railway: engines would be breaking | f, nce harvest I have ground more than 300 quarters of com agricaltaral inter i in la 900 and tenant ied 
t erc mo much bief by sudden concussion ising Ay ca N 8 put is os nothing. — United Kingdom ,0002., v 
as much as 10,0001. 2 075 own the chaff, cake, &, when steam : 
=n nie, — eo my aid TIARN Tas inventor "-— ^ cme LT guns ie fair it will koop sweet and i ings oaa manufacturing intere, 2 Wale 
i on 1 ` ^ according to the bulk of the mass, and Quies c WIRES 
Yorkshire, br but a lar 8 is yet required for its fall o Animals li ei it better. On a farm of 200 acres there ought P Although I think this is exaggerated, there can be no donbt 
daveloumen t is intended, I believe, to fit with Boydell’s | steamed b 00 tons of straw, to cut into chaff, and to be | that agriculture is by far th yes st interest in the ki 
^ wheels, ar something Pea Say | 8 principle. I. 8 etel aoo cames iby y the waste steam, from the engine. The time will | But is it the most intelligent and unprejudice * 527 Fi i 
* -A Boydell's severe indis . n we shall w. r bullock sheds with steam in If I were to test this comparatively, 1 should estimate it by the 
unwearied o: : In Auction angini, 1 chong d ee n the e urers warm their mills, and in N of steam-power which it employs relatively to the 
che. following from Mr. Hall. who has used Fowler's | fanner through d pay well to drive a circulation of air b; ther great producir t country. Let us ses 
hfor some time. It will be seen that he works at very annerthroügh the cattle houses, and not a fly will be seen | how the matter s ble : 
pressure;— —— n — — nor any disense. There is no doubt that during summer | mate — im 
JJ. . 
r | » ; 2 orses TEE | 
22 eee reas [pen aac tq ̃]¾ . a 
` — wh le dra en of in nt recoi of 100 horse-power,... . 
— Aes ey row w plough, by the wire-ro| d or or tripled | MENER wilt demand ta 188 0 son at dou doubled ye Armed 5 Xavy, — ships; 15 : ncm A 
rid E ELE nd” "| Ab Ss — 
" 7 or water. ur li Now, if Mr. Spackman is right, agriculture sho 5 
Feeder eed ve Pfowlers( irked: by. Baydelts:whecls Gain in Time and Opportunity n Sees pn Cole INE OF Borse power, aie M 48,000. In these dus 
iced peii abs A e = amo) 9 To work 10 Although, irrespective of the above — 5 p psc cv What ele im agriculture mp 
no TERRE : ot wake sos horse-power, the question | oe d — — that Mami could not master. kewi 
EM a quarter o ecomes insignificant in compa y day, two 18 horse-power engines, Wini 
aus whi i eile the damage dono to the land 13 her ko How nity. " parison with | ET Pe one “emploged entirely in wp "" aud E ~ 
be enabled to proceed into any field, without (rici ion—butto| Nothing can illustrate this De ord: from floor to floor. "h rege n $^ 
is a mos , Ehe Bde — i 
valuable „ t Smith, ydraulie squeeze. 
acquisition. My fixed engine, worki of. Woolston, in one of h ower, caused a bal which, 
pressu P or a: = ae ae his stea ultivator, He says, zy have shows that 2 eriat 8 pm a bale be preg Pre y 4; 
st Barley-stones, — de bushels pec — ur; prex Eran . 20 dagen clay require the work of an 8 h ower en, ney, ach in agriculture as in any ot ^ 
. tones. pios 4 bushels per hi ur dach. —1 remain perform e: find from practice it would require 35 horses to | occupation. the average of farms at the or 
;—Yours very truly, d ne 1 ine or 8 $e time. " C 5 five horses for 315 depth of cultivation, the number of steam-engines che n f 
i E IA oes not include what | wou enormous for cultivation alone; but if our! XS 
a RE Performed the sume quantity 5 othr: ca be do he apparatus i in the spring and summer.“ In (as they ought to be) moved to a depth of 2 or Bí Bet” 
r esame quantity of work as the Bewt. at rds, as a farm 225 acres would only have eight or | indeed, t be the requirement of steam As 
aes s. three: fou nns of his stubbie land would b .| ordinary f cultivation i pg Our 
Binds the uu 3 the 45 fin e un 1 tivation is under 5 inches, "f 
prudent to reduce the = pwn, in 1845, Lave thought it October. Tt is only tho 2 . quadrupling Out sion qp c 
x T of altare who can suf- ivation wou e equal to an immense "UR. 
Comparative Value of He DNE Poor ior dior appreciate the — this loss of aération, territory, without additional rent, tithes, i fa 
We are much in „ filtration, consequent 5 a — present, in our stiff undrained clays, all below fve inches 8 8 
à lo Mey Bes c1 Aces for his | °° consolid ation’ of stiff clays in damp weather m | terra incognit ile is shown by u 
able paper 4 1 the cost * horse po v oyak tal know them pti c: the exclusion o seul air, whose T prio. | "going oe en d Ma ues mete A 
e Bouety's last Journey, Da tf 3 — SE ma f this, by steam í probable: 
. ** are egei aigi any | cul min dry rath Bes he es a great gain. itr Sm Steam erste ating” the proba. 
JU c S —5 various 
power is at least from 50 t ie that hors comparison of and "steam: power contin an n amount o ('iteaxicpowa ue generally i n our var" 
om 50 1 calculation, t thas four h g 
cent. dearer than our hours of unremitting draug! 3S ides t; 1 rcial operations, 
steam, where x — 155 brou t to rest is è day's work for a med ne A t wit T T istrial manufacturing and e it rid other 
t e the com "ne — Mud bore ped ume s ice of four ho ina lino L scs Meier Pie fhe anks to m p oficial pae 
hey would ridio ale the i ye he he ger you SEM ai dendi the aie — pole ceremony of turning at the riends fo kindness with which they have 
you cou Sikes. clothe for horses With wot dar ing and threatening to get the Statistical facts at my disposal, an for 
What a — wa page rown wwall-pleugbed ‘pair horeg etn ghe MM pies they have otherwise afforded to me 
cheap, untiring, power, and is uis = Li S entes May t tranquil morning been highly amused UT tee —— n Med c 
s ta e een a pair of knowing fat Ware Bad PRA anchester, there are s. 50,000 steam-e estet — 
cultiva good- ut indignant ploughman. agriculture owes a deep debt of gratitude to Manchet opery l 
Now, you can never get comb “Boxer and Wiolet,” * ed ejaculations of} Th find that . 
S - r al iolet, Woitee" and “Hike, ope she will repay by similar means. I fiud Pe e The 
horsesinany number, When first — Med Qeon e ringing the morning air, the h me hither,” | miles of nger railway employs forty locomotie ayar. 
$ stiff SES , before the E e tried bomb wot SH their effort to pull for the plough Z especial number of miles travelled on our railways peii H 
confusion —— en — Babel of | à small ci iu. . — steam vill destro accompanied by Biana e bes t — cing is | nol boen n effected ; 
draught the outsiders compressed those in the centre iculture, and exa codes 5. and tte it 
those in. y give it : b use of coal: the furnace-dvor is left o 
cloud of yore arose from the excited and the c z The Great Jaw of St t Pom . — . strikes EE ainst a deflecting-plate, "rhc throws it 
pare this with the tranquil grandeur of a 20, 50, or 500 the Judges’ report of is proved 4 surface — 0 Puis and causes. perfect COM E of ; 
2 In comparing horses with — — Show comparative trials at the Chester | smoke. a hint which might foni . ett 
rse thout int be Pt i uc 
rest, for 4} bours--hat. work 8 eee ission or Hay cut into chaff "^ | agrion earl § on ibe. <= by Tho air Das ? e gives © 
de kept for les because a large well rre ———— Roots cut — aei a Ai ie Ibs. in three . more heat than fet hot coke. S | 
steam — pé he al Let us see what my own Do. for 8 se ORO * Conclusion. — pologising for me Rein 
and my engine is not of the latest im — 1 — on sp ied AES M » » remarks, T u will think with mex 
in use 10 years. The exact measure ot ich nud 8 toen: Thick —— broken . 165 » » proved that steam is not only an sci. 
e i — » y . f : 
perhour My own engine evaporates gil 60 Ibs. of water dressed ee TOL »* » necessity for agriculture, and that Jt ability 
therefore, gives 9 working 10 hours pet hour, and, Whe: eat threshed and dressed red sufficiently availed of. A great repo har, 
is i4 to 18 Taai pei workin ng five Kos urs per My. "m I Barley threshed and dressed T00 90 — —— ge 3 minu 85 in this matter to those : 
> ve 
r urn half a ton n of dust coal, at 95. pa e he —— results as these could not be obtained by x lie das 
artage $a bork. E and men are well “ up to the m 55 ese trials the machines annual mos that the M 
hene the utmost; and the engines in rid E tA ene — to b s tenantry, and t 5 
sii ates Horse-power would cost 1 71 6 ing aalo e for these ci nnai&poes, el ; but even mak- | pat . character in te rel 
2 abourer at 23. day manages my engine ds it, wonderfuleconomy. Every farmeroughtto reg is, indeed, a | that exists, a heavy responsibility re 
—— it. How = ich more would it cost to sites d on P pi gasps ei at m y ern Society's Jou ndy the Judges’ ( the soil ; his example and encon 
T eight ion are rex : : : 
these entert it is is only ih. agric etiem What. gush 56 ertetio, Dut) byw 8 to three- iore N 1 MR n 6 inches | and almost demanded in this ee tle 
1 I must say I 2 id ha pe 9 88 Hr 1 neto 12 Seton Seep cud. "i for men to exe g m 
D N a z tad 4 
oa et pu r has taken so | in the latter case was a 2 T iue gin over horse- See e removal of proj dices; yh be 
endurance bility of horse. | Howards’, of Bedfords’, Smiths — trator Por the Y nt suo. this may 
the 750 explained by late 
