444 THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, [May 91 
three or four. stout sticks pro jecting to the outside, my E Beers Mr. NR E 
id raised ol J and then to admit a pata — says, zi was is full ly aware Tati, 
S-ono6 e alight | iuto action the querulous disposition of som 
eor respondents Disbelief appears to he th € of vo 
the set attemp 
derived from plant 
is one of the most useful of all known agents to | which ca 
deners. It ope . 
takes od -— best of the solid and gaseous matters | it may be kept so for u 
A a. ; nd gives E — to o of ti ime, taking care always to ps5 ^et ds RCRUM eene 
roots alien M upon to do so. Be ita ich it which is to be thro 250 Id be and combated as rank heresy” Again 
s in its owu 8 y | fire breaks ou any spot, The heaps d to am qu uite convinced that according to ordi 
of those alkaline and other ingredients on wich sheltered es Six winds, xe ever. allowe o generally received rules there is Sot sedan 
every plant m — able to feed. Those who have | burn out into the open air. A p tg costs so much to grow as winter or rer ae hich 
i effects may easily see how it thus made may be taken a way e eve ery mont = so Abha rs. In fact, ris ce p t 
acts by planting a Straw berry in a pot filled with | from one side of the heap, leaving the we keep vested n a kind o an ? 23 Ste fortes E 
earth and charcoal fragments. The new roots will | the fire burning. Any one within reach of a saw- | says, he “has some sma small, Queen 
ery s 
s = ry er e trouble of carting it. plants.coming into, Been which, b. e says, unl 
cling to the charcoal te all the iiith ofa 1 eras ke eee deceived will bring fruit not less th n from A teen 
k 
in weigh 
N 
a process which is known by the name eee 
"- rok carbonisation in heaps (meules). i The sets — — n s micros = uet 5 result Pe 
a their * — est et eultivators is shoe vhareoal can be | arranged in conical i ` hi 5 ae ti d of this result without any bottom-heat ? Hs a tee 
pei easily 4 gnus * from such worthles ess —€— | are covered over with a thiek layer he has inthe same house eight kinds of Vines, in 
88 were ned. De fore T reply lying to this|coalash. The heap is kindled from the centre, Muscats, Frontignan, Chasselas Musqué, and Mill Hf 
it is as cr to consider in harcoal is | where a cavity is kept open for that purpose, and Hamburgh, and that his Grapes are set as w well as exi 
different M t bst: m which it is pre- | which descends to the base, In et cavity ri d be d d. d dig 
d. ats consist sort arbon, water, charcoal is placed and same sma pieces of woo ow, the matter at ig 
darth, alk alkaline, and other e matters, and the air is admitte d by holes formed at the between Mr. Ra in sik myself Leste my bel 
2 h d over the 
ted a 1 
g ^u 
tribut iS much, if not mo 
as s for instance resins in Coniferous plants, gum in | Aft y "n Ame nbus tabl i: a 555 bie iii ; more, 
stone fruit—and so on. The object to be gained in | or chimney is e P remain in open Deni ME e id 0 60 a liis own 
making charcoal is to obtain the carbon, without | determine a more active combustion, the | pp they had. did riot dispute the advan agi d ENS 
the water or emm secretions of plants. This i is | i hel the |^ low night t "E 
If a piece of b | 5 1 i piercing ho x T e| long ere Mr. Ayress little work on 
a tem Ary sufficiently high all the water and | covering nearer and nearer to the, eS of the heap c ucumber Culture appeared, a hd that ti sag 
other 8 ttian ts bay incom bustible and not carbon as the posco n Acne 8. cal experience in the Ty best gardens 
separate e wood, and the charcoal We apprehend that any intelligent workman, in n thio United Kingdom, nd. deo from pes 
"Tha t is the whole principle ; after such instruction, would soon form charcoal | thoroughly digested a hich was published some 
the eulty consists in er, Ko., | heaps—in whi : mare an excellent ingredjent years prior to Mr. 8 ee 1 
ithout settin = latter on fire; ; | —out e refuse within his woo ' 
den ori i it itself converted | may be substituted anything green or dry —— ean | the A bis pl of bottom-heat. —— - says (see p, 313) 
into air and lost. e is phe. are is to heat e Í even freshl onpi rass may A 
vegetable substances up to a high temperature | ployed to cover over the heaps so as to exclude 5 É 
without all allowing them to burst into fane. That Es for it will become dry in time, eatch fire, aud 8 ques vot themselves. Acor 
= done e by not ere air to get to them while then when covered wit other Grass or with was wanting , 
earth will form good charcoal, If he lives grow Cucumbers successfully in winter? My 
pe pala crite in a clay country the heaps may be covered with opinion is, and I believe it to he the opinion of most of 
Having premised thus much, we will endea- dry clay only, which, if the heaps are large | the practical men in the kingdom, that Mr. Ayres could 
your to desoribe two or three simple methods enough, will become red, when it may be itself not grow Cucumbers in winter without bottom-heat— 
which, if not very —— are goo — fon eovered over by more dry clay, and so on, as what the night temperature may be, With 
such a ro eration making as the core is hot enough. The suooessive falling a steady comfortable bottom-heat, and by carefully 
— — most 8 — in of the clay among the cha dde is by n to all the other e s 
pieces of wood into lengths SEZ or S feet, and | objectionable—quite the reve persoan E bottom baz d Poor | 
: desi Nhi heap we be er — A ae E tel 5 ke SUCCESS ‘of trees, CEN (the eye ene 
the level ground or in a pit; but in = latter case espeeiall N TRANSPLANTED, is © 
a openings s cold bé eut in the sides T in n the Proceeding bs Ste Mr Ayres e * T "e a ddd M. S. Tom u 
from the bottom of the pit outwards de order to the „Who recom- peras wher e the bo ttomshe was provide - 
admit a little draught for the ignition of the wood | mend i following T eres it as 8 d je barka y looked for, and 
in the first instance. In the vanie of the space i ing remarkable cacy in reviving- plants dried | » — came not; due: e it mi invidious I could 
several long pieces of wood must be fixed so as to by aving had hei eir roots too long out of the several gardens wher the ae E 
leave an opening for introducing the kindling ; or ground, and in ensuring their safe removal in late vided i in — md ye the eee " 
an opening i 5i iug planti iolated 8 er leaves.” I beg to 
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TO d "s pate is | know several gardens where 
ap sb a peer b à 
may, however, be arra. ed in the form Et a lg, € m imi into the AR the earth thrown result I beg to tell Mr. A. chat I have too high 
several ngs. being left for firing. W after them into the hole sticks i the aen which | opinion of the intelligence and skill of the i 
pile is comple d it must be Mise c immediately begin to swell. At the very first the present day to think that = 2 
may be further closed by earth or saud as is found movement of sap rootlets e: through thie |e Plants, like animals, can bei 7 Title guit 
j process. re turf ea coati -— i the “comforts 
; e anci 
be easil procured, old mats or any other rubbish and not y brings on but seeures the * ther will be beneficial to some things, m 
å that ill prevent the earth from mixing with the | formation of roots. MM = started, there is abundance be given it may kill. ee 
wood will afford a tolerab good substitute. nothing more to fear of bottom and top heat is essential 
"When all is covered Be the. opening at 1.225 ta M i for anting, seeds | growth of many things, but given 1 part, Ms. 
ait near th bot i qajmi injury. n i. 
fla 
to issue as equally as 8 from ic other | pack too lon of all plants vi 
7 : dry weather, and | Intel the 80111 f 
inted set rg surface b — Aum sg M holes with a Whose roots have T tos E m Sigo E a good ae and warm — tes. e bottone » 
where oes appe opportunity o in e f y te of in t pa 
x . of tt — 75 ve m8 ord p noe tans g- M 0 Lv UIZE ET' 8 suit Pine plants in a sta te 0 ues a in EA main 
consume sufficient at can be a c Mapia; though it may not b | nths. "te 
ae 2 eee must be disregarded. As ne oy — altogether wn 1865 Duy state Ey mode EE fa T 
e eated to 212° the Cucumbers. I always sow the last wee ber to 
water i is sive en "E i in the E of steam, and the Tx public will learn with Bis 48 mi ce put the plants out the frst week 4 T en endenden io 
h. Great care | that Mr. EYLEs, one of the best and most expe- | bottom-heat from T9 o f Rina Da at 
i: 
is den. necessary to proven flame bursting out; rien 1 Wie 50 in the coun n ap- whe — T — a and Octo v LE 
as the heat increases the openings in the covering Poin superintendence of eve — — i n ars 
must be reduced, and all must be finally closed Fen of Hortioltre — th in-doors ovary par rumes rM TTD tober: ‘T give ve "c 
when the charring is found to be complete. tthe Crys TE Par — — a aot al x d ‘give i it as x desde 
Excellent material for mixing with potting earth TE e oe ir N ot the vis ther rmita ivi shark 
for striking cuttings. or growing seeds, &c., may N tor TEMPERATURE OF FORCING- HOUSES. | of the day, if the weather be mild, I Ee aiara a 
be readily prepared from sawdust. A fire of dry Um Viren I read Mr. Ayres WORME Gall E uperabundance of air, bub T 4 
sticks, Ko., being lighted on the ind upon à | Len pret prins! of April 9 on ee I thought it | ap before H ets late = the p 5 
space, when it is well alight begin to heap | 4), 3 res d 2 d y o ty Ug down Oe Ee 
on sawdust with a shovel, allowing ty of air at sa — —.— 1 p E: wrote the few remarks|off any male blossoms that spi M 
ardeners’ Chronicle the fol- ment the pisa are b 
& few il tl r as got! lowing week. à a 
É x ri a 
| then 7 3 the whole over with saw- article j in the du. en ea. deum me A 3 5 — gat no” ma 7 in ol 
pat it down with the shovel, bearing Ayres Bat instead of meeting tbe eee in winter any be, by — "attention in 0 
