vith uch less average temp erature ein i o | on this, and guard against t th 
tions is that this Mangel, although ee tly MS o ai x enl of England, used drills are gead a pa e of serious moment, 
ha referable, as the flat surface wouid usually, £ gree 
deteriorated | cong "helng altes tg cker’! vi dire but the case is completely re weno in de | there i is m a of opinion 
istri just named, w v can fr 
ag te ee ve 5 teroraton than 20 inches of rain fall annually. “The summer | and other implements, as 
deduced from the preceding results © evil which it in E 
t must bea 
matter of veri ver qo . "i pat ma to to | heat is also greater, and, of course, the evaporation is oni she Arie Den cs it al 
fik far more than in Scotlan or Ireland.“ , th not be 
know ye lo pc ang Abe — stored ait a 15 “One of the chief causes of the many : failures that | recognises the fact, and is incessantly 
— ike mum feedin P a erties. He also | occur in TP growing on light land is the undue digging, &e. The farmer, is awan 
pe bat the ty Of salt e soil immediately eer oa time of it gives a greater surface for the absorpti 
‘ar a 1 su 
i ntl d for two years in ber se of clays, every tim expose gives 3 : 
8 had. . it 1 a fresh. urface e may expect some b denen e pei un- : ed e think clay lands 
tine and expressed the opinion that the character of | less the geni is wet; but every time a fresh surface altere! ys ssi. ed, A they absorb fr 
the manures used for growing Mangels had a material | is s turned up c on glo land in AU or J une, the Turn nip- mois ure t ily. — he case : different h 
influence on their composition, a circumstance whicl Me jn — 5 ds Sowa see 
ps «p 
naturally must affect their keeping qualities. Dr. | escape o of moist 
st: in i I a of tars in spen dde. season ; $ 
ise i ti d ents, I abstain from | retentive force 
r ‘and allude to it „The . of autumn cleaning, whic 
S but a in icht bg has no ate surface open for the adm mission Of air, 
lors 
ow | li y 
spec 
i i i ted to light-land Pectin the sides of the drills so much as to ] 
mainly for the purpose of showing how e agit nar well acap g 2 ills eave but 
d the cl ree and ploughing of strip of earth isa the plants, ex 4 
i Mirrors id with Mr, Valle ntine, | heat on all sides Hand and horse m e sun's 
ti his can alone be done properly by a mue light "n in ur n, 
matie series of practical and anal the qued nts.” that ‘all soils which have a Padan c d with caution and discretion on light 
er Hobbs suggested that in 8 Dr. mrs nein k be ; prepared, as far as po welle for He soils. 
Voelcker's report in a condensed form i ne be Tur utumn. If light land is cleaned i j The ian eei — — to light soils are 
stated that the analysis was of one small root only, which antara n d 1 5 Bine - acquire consistency an Bie. | 100 rooted plant — s Turnips, Carrots, rey tho Ox, 
had been oi ch two years, and that it could Mis tue before spring, and only requires a grubbing aud | Barley, mr These follow each ather in ay 
be average example of the keepin | barn owing before drilling at seed time, by xu p course of s Hm suited to this class gular 
properties T. whole crop. ‘natural sap’ is retained in the soil. If any cir soils will not bear such frequent cropping with gine 
A vo erai cu was read by Mr. es I — should prevent autumn cleaning, the Pei pur as clays; nor will they all grow remunerative ^s 
of Green, aen the thing is to prepare it as early as possible in spring, of Wheat and on unless s improved in texture yt 
investigations of the laws governing the ye ae before the heat er d so as to boss quodi =, mois- addition of cla y o marl, o r some others mea tans, * Thep 
seasons occasionally 0 in this country ture ‘Some yea o the practice w. and, y plants, but produs 
Ne motion of Lord Feversham, seconde d b y the Hon. | in some — is is still e of ploughing enr abundant returns of the more useful ero crops, Laying 
Cavendish, thi clea n la nd, three or four ti means of rers. 
the roots of the Grasses 
Sour ‘Sharyn and the thanks of an Council | and summer, As t rasses accum : 
were ish be conveyed to Mr. Fulbrook. ee it work vane such a practice on eves soils is is * in the soil, they add to it organie matter h 
iere of mperial Far ES f 5 bour and the chance of which MM soils are naturally deficient; this, bes 
France, ente to the Council programmes o of the ring a nip- -braird, as dis: Ux d ity es 
special inte rnational , competi ition of reaping eue nes, of. the MH “We think i right t ote here the of cons ter which enhances their v; d 
t l Farm of Fouilleuse, near| opinion of an able oes —Mr. Clare ‘Sewell Read— | this reason that the five course (two years? Gris 
St. Cloud, between July 20th and 25th Wat The| who, in his report of folk farming, saya: * When | better ada bs 
certificates of entry to be sent by eene = these light lands of Norfolk io lean, aut cultiva- | year’s Grass). y light, a six, seven, or eight yay. 
3 fie Excellency the Minister of A715 culture, 78 hey are à den course may be fo news by which the land is = 
Rue de Varennes, Paris, on or before July 10th. friable by natur rg do re wan dt to be finely pul. | three, four, or five years. 
— following communications were also received | verised or constantly stirred, as the heavy winter rains} By sheep folding on Turni 
m Mr. Chas. W. Hamilton, a Schedule of Qu the ure into the porous subsoil ; | di i 
inel by the 1 Dublin Society respecting the Con- so that the best farmers s (Wir theland is clean) give | the rental h en in 
dition of Farm rers; the Journal of the Agri-|a good winter ploughing before Christmas, and thus | examples of this improvement on the most extensm 
cultural Society of 1 and the Journal of t he Ce en- | grow better Turnips than when the soil has been scale in Norfolk and other of England. 
tral Agricultural Society of Belgium, for all of which | well on ated after harvest. —J. E. A. S. England, sheep consolidate the ground, and enrich it by ther 
Md a Nae pat toa vo) „ p. excrements, 2 has been truly umi 
he New York States A. grieultural| “ The time and mode of a applying ı So aoig E 
+} asing fertility, also gives them a 
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male 5 J in their power to | most fertility to the soil. To add to this th 
ti e bok oa general exhibition. the case of clays, the additional advantage, that in man 
en adjourned to the Monthly Council | decaying the mi manure tends to p n 5 = 1 19505 T | 
T 
d July 6th. soil more loose and — It w 
m————— that this -— 8 e in E m 
ET manure to lig ‘ery 3 if Ed ed in 
r ee no ius can result; on the con rary, it is 
to increase the retentive power of the soil for | abu 
Agricultural Essays: No 1. 1. Soi ils. By Thomas Baldwin: moisture. There is one 3 secos how- 
des g^ e Albert Model Farm, Glas- ever, in connexion with this subject; namely, is the yin y 
Dae: m, 23, Upper Sackville | Street, soil capable of draining the cléments "of fertility as organic matter; third, pet w 
This W da t fe wies | they are liberated in the decayin ure? Clay soils | organic matter, m. which ate 
5 —— e as ntains — —— pters — — — eral con- have this Lot and . prac arde ay Y si mir fi be Post; fourth, claying ; fifth, marling, 
stit th Se ats jetion—on clay, light, | carried out on those soils; but owing to the facility | practice and principle to to claying. 
an pea iy sile—and : : — s properties of ib. with which wat 3 through sandy or light | and the last of these processes be i 
H Aa Sah shieh v — . series | soils, and x little power they possess of taking up the | manures, we shall notice in this place only Mi” i 
: att ihe nititur are taught. 2: due te ents which it isos out of the manure, we namely, claying. A ing aul : m dead 
: 3 al th this, Tien a e X ers of | apprehen ai the ce of autamn-manuring is not a | manures, claying may be considered under 
oM er agri — instruction given N one on the lighter P neverthe »less, it is so spem to way m" 
there i -I win's essay on soils * When, and in what state, then, should restes may introduce it e. yh n itol si 
gives ha nitro Be phie to tight Turnip lands? In in three ways: first, in its 3 “state, te, as dag i 
ing be pon 18 may review Tits bearings: Ber Li 
M ing m to ferment, it diminishes in va alue; 
E ^ i ni to be washed out of 75 dolis srd, if to 
PP. 
available for the ius Ai i ry i 
e for the crops in due time. Under these cir- | the character of the soil to be impr effects. D 
ing | eumstances, it is evident that the best system is to|be leareous, it will resemble roping « 
form the manure i i ile i : 
eaps, i 
Soils | poses, loss of any of the liberated elements is he soil; 
0 is prevented; ness and retentiveness to the son; dapt 
Ede and to apply it under the seed i n a pretty well decom- | contains oc ochrey or ferruginous matte l. U 
1o of rain can in will only —— an n nm s 
» from ity and want of attraction see D E eR ee ene that frm ‘arm-yard | white san e are bad, but those of 2 u 
for water, there is great difficulty in raising good crops manure can be any deprecia. | and oe Psi less "etum character, and af s 
an such a soil. When under a green fallow crop, for xt E UN ae y covering it with earth, peat | consistency, are alwa acre i? 
instance, the ae so readily that every Las 1b 18 applied to Dg Fe sco ade inasfast P * It takes = — ant to cover an 4 
i i * d sown i lee This m f 
e ie air, hours, es for on light soils, — difference of a ru Bit whee it is ade 
ee ilg. affect z Apana qy of a day or two, may materially cultivation does not ex 
n dry Fae oe And accordingly we find green crop. The em miare, too, suffers injury by | | once be seen that 
pen 0 raised or flat 
in such eee ~ Or TAE UTE TS by! loss of moisture than 
**In 
annlieati 
by loss of the elements of loads, the av e being abo ut 80. 
moist climates,’ says Vallentine, ‘raised drills dumping — 8 ‘The eres practised by ie “An — ale 11 or is the 1 
leave a kind of water-course or channel between the|h Ri 8 breadt: othe’ Tarn: v land at once, is | applying clay to sandy or light noe corpo? 
artificial que which ac most conveniently for|d desirable to retain — 1 vhetr 16 ds — ee ae lay and i 
Wr e m et in away, and not ay follow such a ure in nt x > soil; and those who | th 
ith h su 
Whe ere, ; sure, with a roug he Earth-worm.—The common 
m forame d * set i han it can | obtain fru. 10 thon d Lf to be despised and trodden 3 
y et the careless farmers reflect useful creature in its way, Mr, Knapp 
of dry | succeed i i Pis 
ate for edge MW land, for the by injudicious expo 
= ^ oi few 
