998 THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. — |Dzcrums 19 I" 
ES pear as really belon o it. In, min minute. This is one-fourth more than in E: 
Sheep bj eris har lees "n 1 tbe o "is performances a of viia vd | Now take one where there is no Tabs D lat à: 
constitute a very pte are severally capable must taken into account. the weight from any previous connection 
ae Eye An ordin a 10-horse power eme agricultural pite in an hour ft, 
e No iier a i. 1 125 gos ^ 8 ee a engine will d according ed — A! Judges. in ae? cob of Ff ote go We dd gea: » sheaves, ta uu 
ewer than 125 pens were e work done | co u ee : i 
at Warwick, and previously at Gloucester and at and E and water and teria e tear and wear of together such a crop will weigh more than 9 
r ost creditab. 1 excluding interest it In doing refore ] 
n E 
u hours? time, or 500 t. 
appearance. It wi seen elsewhere that inc employed, nearly 4 — a day, or about 48. 6d. an [ad 1 foot high in 10 , 
nes of the memorial wie for them, des i ri 18 5i s per -— for ea — —.— horse power My fourth case 8 OE ™ of much the sa 
now constitute a perm section for the fut ture ted; but as the real force exerted by nominally ies women, equal 8 5 "A 
of our annual exhibi tioi 10-horse lle engines is more often wice that | and I w x as regards po 
—— ——— mount, we have to divide this by two and call the three men, ud por in e carts u 
ch ro s 
0 d e 
The egg was read by Mr. John C. Morton at ^ | lere E been kindly given me, did ‘oot; or 200, Ibs. - iece in nine hourg 
mek: ei not exceed 5d. per horse for each of 2 working is about 370 Ibs. a minute. 
THE lives forces to which I shall Ds are steam hours of the year. ib farms employ 262 These four cases indicate the mere force am 
power, horse power, and manual labour. Each of pen | horses, and they cost for food, for de p yi value, — s post - m ages an hour, as equal toa * P 1 
has employment P our present English agricultu res and forsaddlers' and bia ke mith b s, 781 8157 year; Lot 3 
Z bject of thi y their implements need 8 p the lo ad has to be detached ur f as 
sive fields € A to the first and last of them; 3 the ploughme 5 dnt beim ed ier Wen 5 ind the third di 1 under thei 
in nod —— icult of the future. For there 8 three die, All a year em wages—about 13,000“. in all, or | dw — harvest far 4 
dass 11 "m f the 2 pent per horse ms annum; and supposing that there now eo mpare this even in its best 
be aia — oe correspond exactly to these are 25 ‘the, ear, this is rather 1 th — ty o 0 lbs. 1 
* — which we have at our command. an 5d. per eunt per hour. Leides this the estimated | per minute for 3d. an hour, and compare it 
he first, where the greatest uniformity of pro- nuhi s moves engine v I believe, excessive, actual average performance of the horse, iii, 
cess M dinge the greatest power is needed, and a purely and the nomin «m of it was certainly below the lifted 1 us per ininute rr P: an hour In oie 
Hepie actual — a eM d could be worked with the esti- at the rate aae do the work gf . 
is in this way sufficiently under our 99555 for their mated quantity of ihi genet for o ines 66 m wold be required at age 
performance, " this class of ee increases in tried at Chester only one consumed the 11 Ibs. be of 5d. but of ins. > than 15s. per hour, i 
M 2 4 0 ce with a eae permanent of coal per hour for every horse Power m d, to do the ar ot tiie RN e 32 men would be nelly. 
impro ent of 1 land, pen ything which neh is f d for F. co £ 5a. 2 hon Tt is werd 
tends to ‘the uniformity of its condition. n the second the majority did not consume Inte than 6 to 725 we can d iade oth ur of the fam 
class as much force eeded; but rocky subsoil, per horse power during that tim —— = labou A a, putt into the 
awkward hedgerows, etóoked roads, and scattered pro- | steam power for its perform — there is an & 
du — interfere with any possibility of uniform proce- EFFICIENCY OF pp ro-. an 655 o be made in the tai 
dure. Some machinery, more pliable than cranks and Now, — — applie- production. It is plain that it is mere f 
Fda is needed by which to carry out the purpose of ability to their Ac, i :—A horse ager ug with an labourer to think that as regards th 
the mind, and here therefore it must work by means of | ay erage length 0 yards of Laien loses one- eel theland he can compete with either steam 
the teachable and powerful horse. This class of opera- | of his time on the headland i in the mere act of tur MGE Weed power. Strength of body i osirali 
tion diminishes in extent and importance with every | the plough. inew hardened I ti 14 0 
permanent improvement of the soil, je, with every is employed in the actu al e conveyance of f the deu two- -derah able value, for that, however lal 
removal of those obstacles to which I have referred. | thirds are lost — at the heap and in the field may so und, is on aspect "of the matter in wi 
i th n ultivation oi ing with t . b 
are co f i i n i i she if | the ne 
no great power is needed, but there is ID for the | ment, however he ma eng Ie can —— putting forth of force-horse- Power, and still mod 
he eep of T. " . 3 
t 
sa T cet" | the culti 
perfect instrament—the human hand. Itis plain that | tained as that all the ploughing, scarifying, harrowing, of ski i and intelli ence that the safety 
everything by which on the My on and land is broug facto orse-hoeing, carting—all the horse-labour 3» lies lies y din H did capability of education he eo 
fact on each É sero 
q that 
by of its livi uce is increased, will e r minute throughout the working year, I fin 
P ignem three fields of agricu olteral u fee actual nis ce per horse — the year QU FEAM 
ns, and will diminish the necessity of employing | is not 33,000 Ibs. lifted 1 foot high per minute, but| As the mat esent si 
horses more nearly one-half that quantity, varying from ourselves to that large an 
: Aud this is no mere speculation: it is the principal 14,000 Ibs. in the lowest case, to 19,000 Ibs. in the in which the poy 
If we knew for several successive years exactly bs The doubt even in the case of steam-power there o of work done w 
must be per riods of waste labour— — ploughs. must be — first in the race, hor 
qeantity, and its r reward), on each of the farms which |t 
p the surface of Great Britain; and if we also | but these pente periods of comparatively fruitless | There this cc 
ew the quantity and M manner — all these | work are no necessary condition of steam- se it is | affect th ne positio e-power in 
years of the horse la of all these farms, its cost better if 1 conti N and machi inery will place it much farther back than it fo Aer ose s 
per m sad jin: lets and if in-widiGon to. all this be invented to reduce this w wee 1 The rs th affect its fitness fo 
information we the full experience, now 1 eni with a itive ativan e to t efficien t vation whe: 
siderable, of the use of steam power upon the en Whe Whereas in hors a e-labour the Visto U time is for an — x e of steam: power. 
only ſor b and grinding ß cu “ro a p neseseary for the ee, nce of "nr power itself. | the injury done to the land by the 10 
1 soil, we should certainly learn from it And it is pna = along with the 5d. per hour for | animals; and 2dly, to that ve y 
horse, on the average ^t may cost, there on the farm for horses —— y 
ud which steam c n becomes possible, and | has to be teren into account a performance on the aver- makes you keep upon — paneer pret 
how perfectly v De with d tthe mar for agricultural | age of the year — iles 19, 000 Ibs. lifted by it 1 foot | round the year for the sake of t 
labour has been main: Bon, review of agricul- | high per minute pring "a 
et, teach a us more than this, | of the 1 its d. per dt rse per hour has to be | costs nothing when it is idle, can : e labonr 
_ for by a comparis p e of different farms | taken along with — twice as large a performance extra work and so reduce the horse its 
we should learn the = economical mode of obtaining | as ite best result. | toin uniform monthly amount, thes: 1 
these po bra 3 nere a lying each sain Áo ab. lati uu 24841 2 3 t | compar ed, not with that of ^ the horses 
e should learn ho s 
n be P 
cost 
T fa meine: we should learn how | per fo ‘ormance of which. enh is capable. In threshing | fitness of the engine 
the most aien and efficient horse labour, | uniformity of speed is a condition of good work; itis in poss p Led n power t0 
DL tances | more easily maintained by steam-power than by horses. | throughout the ": 
under 8 ioc! an farm In  ploughin the avoidance of trampling and of pres- | just for the few weeks of 
A FA almost always a condition of good greatly auo» the economy o 
work; is more easily observed by steam-drawn to the superi 
MTM r|machinery for the ose. But to this I shall . | will quote the Salm of a ploughwan 
othe — , be n ; prora land of the ol steam-cultiva 
$ h 
COST O POWER. Ba 1 
3M Let hs €: pus the ar of manual labour mg a tin 
engaged in what I call mere work, J. e., where the least 
_In ag first pies, then 1 T me opti a more pe degree of skill is called for. I have four facts in illus- 2 : 
r . A man will dig 8 perches of land, o 2000 | at 
- power | square feetneartya foot deep, in aday. In doing vel — f - "^ ow re hs 
e power exerted by 4 probably t through at | ey if. A great — y the p 
nent, td | | height, that is to say, he lifts 1500 enbic fi feet, — ES fant is to be 92 fa 
bey rt mae iye . per minute; an at least 150,000 Ibs. 1 foot high in 10 hours’ time, and si „ * 
cmm agricul ^ experience agrees, a pair of | to do it therefore he must maintain upon the average a 
ede m D along 3 pa average - of | lift of 250 lbs. per mi time. course in uv * al tra trampling, 
pin pe tre HMM. Simi "a Aem s EN Mo B mes lift there is. the labour of cutting | All recent improvements of the 
were pled dover a ts i. e. lifted that t height i in that | attached. ES eS (m 4 i : UE bles cn "d he 
ám lifted we ay minute is just the | labour is very much ; th ill li 
Sone cen 66,000 lh. ‘Gites 1 & ry reduced; three men will lift, I drainage and deep cultivation 
Vl ue a AM X fp "un I5 f minute, | have often paid them 75 en d it, 100 cubic yards of | and ed He existence of any 
"pei 
= 9 
ct 
= 
= 
p 
— 
et 
o 
8 
zm 
pair , and fi ti he surface i jurious. 
- ea ee at whi which -— force is € cubic yards which fa ed Mél i diae — — — — 9 
a com-|about 14 ewt. apiece, weigh 50,000 lbs., and this to the t 
d hone p eder in the | lifted over the edge of the cart, eee e —— a the ane tine me be 
gr superiority of | to 200,000 lbs. lifted daily 1 igh ov 890 Ibs per | soil without any pressure on it 
