INTRODUCTION XX1X 
Adare, and built a hut which still stands and which afforded 
our Cape Adare party valuable assistance. Here he lived 
during the first winter which men spent in the Antarctic. 
Meanwhile, in the Arctic, brave work was being done. 
The names of Parry, M‘Clintock, Franklin, Markham, 
Nares, Greely and De Long are but a few of the many 
which suggest themselves of those who have fought their 
way mile by mile over rough ice and open leads with ap- 
pliances which now seem to be primitive and with an addi- 
tion to knowledge which often seemed hardly commen- 
surate with the hardships suffered and the disasters which 
sometimes overtook them. To those whose fortune it has 
been to serve under Scott the Franklin Expedition has 
more than ordinary interest, for it was the same ships, the 
Erebus and Terror, which discovered Ross Island, that 
were crushed in the northern ice after Franklin himself 
had died, and it was Captain Crozier (the same Crozier 
who was Ross’s captain in the South and after whom Cape 
Crozier is named) who then took command and led that 
most ghastly journey in all the history of exploration: 
more we shall never know, for none survived to tell the tale. 
Now, with the noise and racket of London all round them, 
a statue of Scott looks across to one of Franklin and his 
men of the Erebus and Terror, and surely they have some 
thoughts in common. 
Englishmen had led the way in the North, but it must 
be admitted that the finest journey of all was made by 
the Norwegian Nansen in 1893-1896. Believing in a drift 
from the neighbourhood of the New Siberian Islands west- 
wards over the Pole, a theory which obtained confirmation 
by the discovery off the coast of Greenland of certain re- 
mains of aship called the Jeannette which had been crushed 
in the ice off these islands, his bold project was to be frozen 
in with his ship and allow the current to take him over, or 
as near as possible to, the Pole. For this purpose the most 
famous of Arctic ships was built, called the Fram. She was 
designed by Colin Archer, and was saucer-shaped, with a 
breadth one-third of her total length. With most of the ex- 
pert Arctic opinion against him, Nansen believed that this 
