SOUTHWARD 67 
them, when caught, lying sluggishly upon the ice-foot. We 
came to know them later in their hundreds in McMurdo 
Sound, for the Weddell is a land-loving seal and is only 
found in large numbers near the coast. Just at this time it 
was the crab-eating seal which we saw very fairly often, 
generally several of them together, but never in large 
numbers. 
Wilson has pointed out in his article upon seals in 
the Discovery Report! that the Weddell and the crab- 
eater seal, which are the two commoner of the Antarctic 
seals, have agreed to differ both in habit and in diet, and 
therefore they share the field successfully. He shows that 
“the two penguins which share the same area have differ- 
entiated in a somewhat similar manner.’ The Weddell 
seal and the Emperor penguin “ have the following points 
in common, namely, a littoral distribution, a fish diet and 
residential non-migratory habit, remaining as far south the 
whole year round as open water will allow; whereas the 
other two (the crab-eating seal and the Adélie penguin) 
have in common a more pelagic habit, a crustacean diet, 
and a distribution definitely migratory in the case of the 
penguin, and although not so definitely migratory in the 
case of the seal, yet checked from coming so far south as 
Weddell’s seal in winter by a strong tendency to keep in 
touch with pelagic ice.”? Wilson considers that the advan- 
tage lies in each case with the ‘‘ non-migratory and more 
southern species,” z.e. the Weddell seal and the Emperor 
penguin. | doubt whether he would confirm this now. 
The Emperor penguin, weighing six stones and more, 
seems to me to have a very much harder fight for life than 
the little Adélie. 
Before the Discovery started from England in 1901 
an “Antarctic Manual’ was produced by the Royal Geo- 
graphical Society, giving a summary of the information 
which existed up to that date about this part of the world. 
It is interesting reading, and to the Antarctic student it 
proves how little was known in some branches of science 
1 Discovery Natural History Report, Zoology, vol. ii. part i.. Wilson, pp. 32, 33. 
eINibiasps age 
