icebergs in the pervasive low 

 visibility reconnaissance 



conditions. SLAR has been 

 used by IIP since 1982, and 

 FLAR since 1993. This eoo 



RADAR combination also 500 



allows IIP to use a 30 400 



nautical mile (nm) track 300 



spacing as compared to a 10 200 



(nm) track spacing which 100 



was used prior to 1983. 



Figure 9 shows how the HC- 

 130H with SLAR and FLAR 

 are able to cover a larger 

 geographic area of ocean 

 and still provide 200% 

 RADAR coverage and 30 nm track 

 spacing. The 30 nm track spacing allows 

 IIP to cover approximately 100,000 nm 2 of 

 ocean in good or poor visibility conditions 

 as opposed to approximately 20,000 nm 2 

 with a 10 nm track spacing in only good 

 visibility conditions. 



IIP Flight Hours vs Icebergs 

 South of 48° North 



IIP Flight Hour Use Summary 



1 994 



1 995 



1 996 



1997 



1 998 



I P a tro I Hours 

 I Lo g is tics Hours 



DT ra n s it Hours 

 □ Research Hours 



84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 

 Figure 10. 1994 to 1998 comparison of the number of 

 icebergs south of 48° North to MP's total flight hours. 



Figures 10 & 11 show the 

 comparison of flight hours versus the 

 number of icebergs south of 48° North 

 latitude since 1983. This graphic shows 

 that although the threat to the transatlantic 

 mariner may vary, Ice Patrol still must 

 ensure that the Grand Banks region of the 

 North Atlantic ocean is safe for navigation. 

 Thus, the flight hour usage over time. In 

 addition, a few icebergs may greatly 



Figure 1 1 . 1 994 to 1 998 flight hour use summary. 



extend LAKI even though there may not be 

 a large number of icebergs posing a threat 

 to the mariner. Therefore, Ice Patrol often 

 is in the position to patrol a large area of 

 ocean with sparsely spaced iceberg 

 targets. 



Figure 12 provides a breakdown of 

 numbers and types of targets detected 

 during 1998 IIP reconnaissance patrols. 

 The three general categories are icebergs, 

 vessels and RADAR targets. When flying 

 reconnaissance in low visibility conditions it 

 is difficult to determine whether a target is 

 an iceberg or a vessel. Occasionally, Ice 

 Patrol will detect and confirm other types of 

 targets such as marine life, fishing 

 markers, etc. The Grand Banks region is a 



Radar 

 Targets 

 265 (9%) 



IP 1998 Reconnaissance Targets 



Figure 12. A breakdown of the 1998 IIP 

 reconnaissance targets. 



13 



