service. In 1998, 251 ships of 40 different 

 nations provided ice information to IIP. 

 This demonstrates that the number of 

 nations using IIP services far exceeds the 

 17 member nations underwriting IIP under 

 SOLAS 1974. Appendix B lists the ships 

 that provided iceberg sighting reports, 

 including reports of stationary radar 

 targets. In Appendix B, a single report may 

 contain multiple targets. Also note that the 

 term "ice report" may include a ship's 

 "report of no ice", which may also contain a 

 report of sea surface temperature (SST) as 

 measured by the ship. The most active 

 ship reporting ice was the MA/ MAERSK 

 TORONTO, which sent 32% of all ship 

 reports. Also, aircraft reconnaissance 

 usually reports multiple targets within the 

 same report, while ships report fewer 

 targets per report. Thus, IIP, which 

 accounted for only 5% of the total ice 

 reports in 1998, provided 21% of all targets 

 entered into the BAPS model, and ships, 

 which accounted for 76% of all reports, 

 provided 7% of all merged targets. 

 Regardless of numbers and percentages, 

 the continued success and viability of IIP 

 depends heavily upon all contributors of ice 

 reports. 



The largest contributor of air 



1998 Total Ice Reports 



of 1283 Reports 



reconnaissance reports was the CIS 

 reconnaissance aircraft, which is used 

 primarily for sea ice mapping In 1998, it 

 located 2302 targets which IIP merged into 

 BAPS (over 83% of the targets provided by 

 aircraft). The other contributor in this 

 category is Provincial Airlines, Limited, a 

 private company that provides aerial 

 reconnaissance services for Canada's 

 Department of Fisheries and Oceans 

 (DFO) throughout the year, and for CIS 

 from June through December. Although 

 DFO flights are intended to monitor the 

 activities of fishing vessels, they frequently 

 cover areas with high iceberg 

 concentrations. CIS-contracted flights are 

 usually flown closer inshore, along the 

 Newfoundland and Labrador coasts, and 

 map both icebergs and sea ice 

 concentrations. 



IIP flew 55 sorties, locating 960 

 targets that were entered into the BAPS 

 model. This reconnaissance was 



conducted using RADAR-equipped U.S. 



1998 Sources of All Sightings 

 entered into BAPS 



of 4644 targets 



Other Air 



Recon 



3% 



Figure 2. Total ice reports for 1998, including 

 ice, "no-ice" and SST reports.. 



Other 



2% 



Figure 3. Reporting sources for IIP Ice reports 

 during 1998. 



Coast Guard HC-130 aircraft, provided by 

 Air Station Elizabeth City, North Carolina. 

 IIP focuses its reconnaissance effort on the 

 boundary of the iceberg danger area, 

 which is called the Limits of All Known Ice 

 (LAKI). This region is generally far 



