Surface radiation measurements are also avail- 

 able from satellite sensors. Unfortunately, the 

 imagery provided from satellites presents only 

 varying shades of gray with the warmer waters 

 showing up as dark areas and cold as light gray 

 to white. Xo absolute values of temperature are 

 assigned to these shades. ART and ship SST 

 data can be used to calibrate the imagery. Tem- 

 perature contours can then be drawn over the 

 entire area covered by the usable portions of the 

 image (i.e., those not obscured by cloud or fog 

 cover). The obvious advantage of this system 

 is its ability to provide synoptic coverage over a 

 wide area. 



Figure E-l is a satellite IR image of the 

 Northwest Atlantic Ocean oriented with North 

 toward the upper left corner. Point (T) marks 

 position 46°05'N, 45°25'W. Scattered cloud 

 cover can be seen in the lower right half of the 

 photo and over the Grand Banks to the north. 

 Some of the more pronounced temperature 

 gradients have been marked on the image. 

 Figure E-2 is an interpretation of this imagery, 

 calibrated from SST reports received on that 

 date. Figure E-3 was developed totally from 

 ship SST reports received between 3 and 9 May, 

 1976. ART contours from surveys conducted on 

 30 April, 1, 5 and 6 May are depicted in Figure 

 E— 4. Although there are certainly similarities 

 between all three contours (Figures E-2, E-3 

 and E-4), some differences are quite obvious. 

 These differences are due to the lack of synop- 

 ticity and the need to perform interpretative 

 contouring between data points or lines in both 

 figures E-3 and E-4. The satellite imagery pro- 

 vide a much better definition of the surface 

 temperature gradients. 



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