wo 
eS) 
GATES—SUMMER Birp LIFE IN ILLINOIS. 
the tunnel, at the base of which is placed the nest. To this 
group belong the bank swallow and the kingfisher. 
Still other birds are influenced in their distribution primar- 
ily by man. Most of such birds prefer to liv near human habi- 
tations, while others seem to remain near dwelling places and, 
at least, tolerate man. In so far as was noticed during this 
summer the following birds might accordingly be classed as 
domesticated “d” or semidomesticated ‘‘sd.” 
d Robin 
sd Wood Thrush 
d Parkman House Wren 
d Catbird 
sd Mockingbird 
sd Warbling Vireo 
sd Rose-breasted Grosbeak 
d Cardinal 
d English Sparrow 
d Baltimore and Orchard Orioles 
sd Wood Pewee 
sd Northern Flicker 
sd Red-headed Woodpecker 
sd Yellow-billed Cuckoo 
sd Ruby-throated Hummingbird 
sd Blue Jay 
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS: 
Consideration of the forgoing data shows that the more ex- 
tensiv plant groups hay associated with them certain birds 
which, as a group, are partial in their habitat preferences — 
in this region at least —to those plant associations. 
Birds of the wooded areas of this part of Illinois are 
much more numerous, both in number of species and of indi- 
viduals than those of the prairies. 
Lowland woods are more plentifully and more diversely 
populated than upland woods. 
Birds are far more restricted in their daily movements than 
one would at first think possible. While birds need not neces- 
sarily be confined to one plant association or closely allied 
