GATES—SUMMER Birp Lire IN ILLINOIS. 7 
SuMMER Birds OF THE BUNCHGRASS PRAIRIE ASSOCIATION. 
s Bobwhite j f r small flocks 
s Mourning Dove f vr twos or threes. 
a Kingbird f singly (2 records) 
s Crow f r singly 
s Meadowlark f r very few 
d Western Meadowlark n f r pairs 
d Vesper Sparrow n f r flocks 
d Lark Sparrow n f r small flocks 
t English Sparrow f flocks 
d Dickcissel n f r flocks or pairs 
a Mockingbird r one record 
a Brown Thrasher f singly now and then. 
SumMMeER Birps oF THE CRorP AREAS. 
Bob-white. Clover wheat 
Mourning Dove. Clover wheat corn rye oats 
Crow. wheat corn 
Vesper Sparrow. wheat rye 
English Sparrow. Clover wheat rye oats 
Lark Sparrow. wheat 
Dickcissel Clover wheat rye 
Meadowlark. Clover wheat 
Pasturs AND Mrapows. The development of either of 
these two types of vegetation is very meager in this vicinity 
and the characteristic birds—at best limited in numbers—are 
virtually indiscernable as such. Those birds that are usually 
to be found associated with these plant groups are the mourn- 
ing dove, cowhbird, meadowlark, English sparrow and the 
pigeon. 
PRAIRIE SwAMps. Prairie swamps are not of general oc- 
currence in this territory as the rapid drainage in the sandy 
soil does not favor the concentration of water necessary to 
their development. Before the opening of the Chicago drain- 
age canal such swamps were far more abundant, but most of 
them hay been converted into open water. On the plant side 
small! prairie swamps can very easily be detected, but usually 
they are so limited in extent that they do not attract their nor- 
mal bird population. Such areas form the minor avian envi- 
