THE 
WES ON SSVI LEDTIN 
NO. 74. 
A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY 
VOL. XXIII MARCH, 1911. NO. ! 
OLD SERIES VOL. XXIII, NEW SERIES VOL. XVII. 
SUMMER BIRD LIFE IN THE VICINITY OF HA- 
VANA; ILLINOIS, IN ITS RELATION TO THE 
PROMINENT PLANT ASSOCIATIONS. 
BY FRANK C. GATES. 
Epiror’s Nore.—Upon the earnest solicitation of the author the 
simplified spelling has been allowed to stand in the body of the 
text, but the spelling of the vernacular names of the birds corres- 
ponds to the A, O. U. Check-List. 
While the editor is personally in entire sympathy with the move- 
ment for reform in the spelling of Wnglish words, he does not be- 
lieye that the movement has yet gained such impetus that he is 
warranted in adopting it in the Bulletin. 
INTRODUCTORY. 
While attending summer school during the latter part of 
June and the entire month of July, 1910, at the biological sta- 
tion of the University of Illinois, graduate work in ornithol- 
ogy was taken under Professor Frank Smith of that Institu- 
tion. To him I am indebted particularly for helpful criticism 
of this paper. 
LOCATION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE REGION. 
Havana, Illinois, is located on the east bank of the Illinois 
River, about forty miles south of Peoria, in the west central 
part of Illinois. Altho geografically located in this position 
