BurNsS—ON BrROAD-WINGED HAWK. 235 
was armed with a Hensoldt binocular eight power glass. 
The day was clear, and at one time late in the forenoon, sev- 
eral thousand hawks, Broad-wings mostly, were in view. 
They came from a northeasterly direction. A constant 
stream, very high up, could be seen for a long while, and 
they were going in the direction of the Delaware Water 
Gap. Over the valley to the S. W. the birds seemed to col- 
lect into an immense flock, while hundreds, if not thousands, 
of birds were gyrating around and around; describing 
smaller and larger circles in the air, in height of from, I 
should judge, 600 to 2000 ft. above the earth. Most birds 
were Broad-wings. There were, however, other hawks, such 
as Red-tails and Red-shoulders among them, while the Ac- 
cipiter genus was represented by some Cooper’s and more 
Sharp-shinned, which, however, were mostly flying lower 
and took no part in the general evolution. Some days I 
have observed about every species of hawks that we find in 
this part of the country, from the same stand. The most 
extensive migrations occur just before a storm.” Horsfall 
adds his observations while at Shawnee, Pa.: “The line of 
flight for hawks, and also other birds, such as Crows, Black- 
birds, Nighthawks, etc., was down the west side of the Del- 
aware river just below the crest of the hills, until reaching 
a point about two miles above the Delaware Water Gap, 
when they would invariably rise over a low corner of the 
hills and pass on to the S. W. by W,. going north of the 
Kittating mountain range. No birds were observed to go 
through the Gap, though I would not say that none do.” 
Randolph H. Howland observed at Upper Montclair, N. 
J., a flock of 5 on Nov. 29, ’04, and 8 on Aug. 30, 705. 
(Karl V. S.) Howland records at the same place, Sept. 18, 
1893, 37 shot from three blinds on Orange mountain, and 
others seen. The most common were the Broad-winged and 
Sharp-shinned Hawks. Babson mentions large flocks of the 
Broad-wings migrating high in the air, over Princeton; and 
Philip Laurent that he never at any time found the latter 
common, although he saw a flight of the Pigeon Hawk, 
