was below normal and the Iriniiiger Current component had a large 

 positive anomal}*. 



In 1959, the net volume transport above the reference surface be- 

 tween Cape Farewell and South Wolf Island was computed to be 2.37 

 northwesterly. In 1960, this net transport was computed to be 1.91 

 also northwesterly. 



Analysis of the interniediale water and deep water of the Labrador 



Sea section, after the manner desci'ibed in Bulletin 42 of this series, 



gave the following characteristic values for 1959 and 1960: 



IDoO HlBO 



Tcniperu- Tcmprra- 



tiire Salutitij titrc SalinUy 



Intermediate water 3.36 34.83., 3.37 34. 87o 



2,000 me tens 3.19 34.903 3.17 34.925 



2,500 meters 2.84 34.916 2.94 34. 93o 



3,000 meters 2. 37 34. 89s 2. 43 34. 925 



3,500 meters 1.70 34.87s 1.72 34. 91o 



The values of <j^ corj'esponding to the average tenijK'rature and 

 average salinity have been shown in figure 44 for the deep water levels 

 for each year that the Labrador Sea section has been occupied since 

 1984. Differences between ])rewar and ])ostwai' means are not signifi- 

 cant. Examination of temperatures and salinities show a small in- 

 crease in both temperature and salinity from prewar ineans to postwar 

 means with changes becoming less at greater depths. At 2,000 

 meters, the change in salinity was 0.006°/oo and in temperature 0.06°. 

 At deeper levels the changes were not significant. 



In figure 45 the mean potential temperatui-e of the deep water of 

 the r^abrador Sea is plotted against mean salinity for particular levels. 

 Ellipses show the standard deviation of in(hvi(hial postwar yeai's froju 

 the 18-year mean 1948-60. 



Assumptions occasionally nnist be made as to the ratio of the draft 

 of a berg to its height above water. If the berg is homogeneous and 

 floating with om>-eighth of its mass above the water line this ratio 

 would be 7/1 for a berg of rectangular sha])e oi- tabular with a flat top 

 and vertical sides. If it is spherical in sha])e, the ratio is 3.5/1. 

 Even smaller values exist U)v (xhl shapes hlvc a mount or pinnacle on 

 a I'aft or with extensive ledges. This j'atio has fre(iuentl3' been 

 assumed to be 5 or 6 to 1 for average b(u-gs. Achlitional experience 

 indicates that an average figure is neai'er thai for a si3here than that 

 for a rcM'tangular shape. This emphasizes the need for considering 

 the total vector of forces moving bergs, that is, the effect of wind and 

 water forc(>s. 



During the second survey, a study o'i the wind effect on icebergs 

 was mad(^ with Lieut, (jg. ) T. V. Buchnger, USCG, as project officer. 

 The |)riiuary objective of the stud\' was to determine the direct effect 

 of the wind and the iiKhiccI clfcct of the wind di'iven current on the 

 movement of iceber-gs and therehy iinproNc icebeig movement for- 



70 



