Appendix I 

 EXACT CHLORINITY DETERMINATIONS 



By Lieut, (jg.) T. F. Budinger 



General: On 8 February 1960 an investigation was initiated to deter- 

 mine the exact halogen content in 12 sea-water samples taken from the 

 surface waters of the Grand Banks and contiguous areas of the North 

 Atlantic Ocean. These samples were obtained by the International 

 b^e Patrol Oceanographic Unit in 1959 and stored in polyethylene 

 containers of ca. 12-gallon capacity until February 1960 when they 

 were transferred to chemically clean containers of suitable size and 

 cpiantities to allow distribution for calibration and analytical work 

 by otlier investigators. This is a final technical report on the project 

 completed 28 February 1960. 



Techniques: Twelve Ice Patrol samples ranging in salinity from 

 about 31°/oo to 36.4%o (intervals of approxmiately 0.5°/oo) were ana- 

 lyzed together with two Normal Water samples (batches P-28 and 

 P-29) prepared by the Hydrographical Laboratories in Copenliagen, 

 Denmark. The analj^ses were conducted by two very precise technic{ues 

 which can be made complimentary one to the other thus allowing 

 intercomparison and confidence, or doubt, as the case might be, in tlie 

 final results. The Ice Patrol surface samples were analyzed by a com- 

 parison technique with the Normal Water, P-28. The procedure is 

 essentially the Volhardt teclmique as modified by Dittmar (1884),^ 

 S. P. L. 80rensen (1902),- and BJ0rn-Andersen (1911).^ The resulting 

 weight titration teclmique gives high precision conmiensurate with 

 the size of sample, strength of titration liquids, and analytical care. 

 An extremely precise technic{ue following the same general procedure 

 as developed by the investigators listed above was used b}^ Miss I. 

 Knudsen (1937)^ in comparing Urnormal 1937 water with P, P-11, 

 and P-15 batches. The technique employed in the Ice Patrol analyses 

 is a slight modification of the above procedures to accommodate the 

 available apparati at the Marine Biological Laboratories in Woods 

 Hole, Mass. The criteria for choice of solution strengths and C(uanti- 

 ties of samples were to maintain the highest theoretical precision m 

 accomplishing replicate analyses of 12 samples and to allow intercom- 

 parison of tlie cojnparison analyses with "atomic weiglit silver" 

 analyses. Tlie second procedure used for control was pure silver 

 analyses of the chlorinity of P 28 and Ice Patrol sample No. 1 as de- 

 fined sid^sequent to the change in atomic weights of silver and chlorine 

 in 1940. 



Other techniques have been used for the precise analysis of sea- 

 water chlorinity. Deacon ^ and Thompson and Wu'th ^ used pure 



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