Acknowledgments 



This investigation was initiated by the Commandant of the United 

 States Coast Guard and its performance came under the auspices of the 

 International Ice Patrol, U.S. Coast Guard. The formative planning was 

 accomplished through the efforts of Lt. Comdr. Paul A. Lutz, USCG, and 

 Lt. Kermit K. Meade, USCG. These individuals together with Lt. Comdr. 

 Robertson P. Dinsmore, Commanding Officer of the Office of the Inter- 

 national Ice Patrol, provided the initial logistic support. Through the 

 efforts of LCDR Dinsmore, who made arrangements for ship support and 

 enlisted aid from various sea-going agencies, the field program progressed 

 with a high caliber of organization. The writer is deeply grateful for the 

 encouragement and facilities provided by the U.S. Coast Guard head- 

 quarters, the International Ice Patrol, and the First Coast Guard Dis- 

 trict. Without the cooperation from Coast Guard Ocean Station Vessels, 

 military and merchant ships, this program could not have progressed. In 

 particular, the cooperation of the Commanding Officers and the consci- 

 entious observations of the officers and men of the USCGC Acushnet, 

 USCGC Androscoggin, USCGC Evergreen, and USCGC Westwind are 

 acknowledged. The suggestions and criticisms of Comdr. George C. Flem- 

 ing, USCG, Lt. Comdr. Paul A. Lutz, USCG, and Lt. Kermit R. Meade, 

 USCG aided in the preparation of the manuscript. 



COLLECTION OF DATA 

 Field Observations 



There were two data collection programs: 



1. Quantitative observations of the reflected power from ice targets of 

 varying sizes and shapes under known overall radar performance and 

 radar propagation conditions, and evaluations of the effectiveness of the 

 common anticlutter devices documented by PPT photographs were made 

 by International Ice Patrol vessels. 



2. Qualitative observations of the maximum range of detection of ice- 

 bergs and growlers were submitted in the form of completed data forms 

 by U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Naval, and merchant ships which frequented 

 the ice areas of the North Atlantic Ocean in 1959. 



The first program was considered critical for the thoroughness of the 

 investigation because it provided the detailed quantitative data neces- 

 sary for an objective evaluation. The Ice Patrol vessels were furnished 

 Radar Test sets for the measurements of radar overall performance and 

 reflected power from targets. A captive balloon instrument for recording 

 the detailed vertical temperature and humidity distribution of the at- 

 mosphere was obtained from the U.S. Navy and a Polaroid camera PPI 

 scope mount was fabricated. In addition to 26 usable target runs and 

 numerous sea return measurements, an extensive evaluation of the ef- 

 fectiveness of anticlutter devices was accomplished. The second program 

 was expedited by the promulgation of reporting forms to ships which 



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