of success against one of the icebergs 

 that had been struck eight times, the 

 bomb clusters were not able to deliver 

 the concentrated heat source required by 

 Prof. Barnes's thermal stress theory of 

 ice demolition. 



The following year, 1960, 

 brought three separate demolition tests: 

 bombing with explosive charges, 

 igniting thermite inside an iceberg, and 

 coating an iceberg with carbon black to 

 accelerate natural solar deterioration. 



The bombing tests were a direct 

 follow-up to those conducted in 1959, 



Figure 2. Photo taken minutes after a strike by a 1000-Ib 

 bomb during the 1960 tests. The bomb caused a spray of 

 ice fragments, but no significant change in the iceberg's 

 shape. 



except that high explosive bombs were used. Ice Patrol 

 obtained 20 1000-pound bombs from the U.S. Navy, 10 

 general-purpose bombs and 10 semi-armor-piercing 

 bombs.' Over an eight-day period (23 to 30 May), an 

 Albatross dropped all 20 bombs on a single large iceberg 

 using the same bombsight design from the previous year 

 with similar accuracy. Of the 20 bombs dropped, 18 

 struck the iceberg: three were underwater bursts and three 

 failed to detonate. Some of the bomb strikes resulted in a 

 spray of ice fragments that rose to over 500 ft. Others 

 caused minor changes to the iceberg's waterline 

 orientation due to a loss of ice mass. At the conclusion of 

 the bombing. Ice Patrol estimated that the iceberg's size 

 had been reduced by a quarter to a third, but could not say for certain how much of the 

 disintegration was due to bombing and how much was due to natural deterioration. 



The second phase of the 1960 tests was essentially a repeat of Prof. Barnes's thermal 

 shock experiments using thermite. Led by project officer LCDR Bob Dinsmore, an Ice Patrol 

 field party on 8 June conducted three thermite detonations on two icebergs in the protected waters 

 of Bonavista Bay. Because the test was conducted in Canadian territorial waters. Ice Patrol 

 obtained the full support of Canadian authorities, including personal approval from 

 Newfoundland's Premier. 



Figure 3. Drilling a hole in the iceberg 

 with a power auger was a 45-minute 

 procedure 



47 



