side HP's Area of Responsibility (AOR) were not 

 entered into the model. Most of these were far to 

 the north of MP's AOR in areas not covered by 

 HP's model. Coastal iceberg sightings were also 

 screened, and only those with the potential to drift 

 into the trans-Atlantic shipping lanes were entered 

 into the IIP model. 



Table 3 includes icebergs detected south 

 of 48 N plus the number of icebergs which were 

 predicted to drift across 48 N for each month of 

 1995. During the 1 995 ice year, an estimated 1432 

 icebergs drifted south of 48 N; whereas, during 

 1994, 1765 icebergs had drifted south of 48 N. 



Table 3 

 Number of Icebergs South of 48°N 



Number of Icebergs South of 

 48°N during 1995 



\ 



Month 



Number 



Total 



1432 



IIP classifies the severity of the ice sea- 

 sons based on the historic iceberg counts of its 

 entire 81 year history. Ice years with fewer than 

 300 icebergs crossing 48 N are defined as light 

 ice years; those with 300 to 600 crossing 48 N as 

 moderate; and those with more than 600 crossing 

 48 N as extreme (Appendix C). 1995 was an ex- 

 treme year for iceberg conditions. 



The 1995 season was the third year that 

 IIP used its iceberg Data Management and Pre- 

 diction System (DMPS). This system, which Is 

 nearly identical to the iceBerg Analysis and Pre- 

 diction System (BAPS) used at the Canadian Ice 

 Centre, Ottawa, combines an iceberg drift model 

 with a deterioration model. The model uses wind, 

 ocean current, and iceberg size data to predict 

 the movement and deterioration of all ice bergs 

 entered into DMPS. The drift prediction model 

 uses a new historical current data base which is 

 modified weekly using satellite-tracked ocean drift- 

 ing buoy data, thus taking into account local, short- 

 term, current fluctuations. Murphy and Anderson 

 (1985) described and evaluated the drift model. 

 The iceberg deterioration model uses daily sea 

 surface temperature and wave height information 

 from the U.S. Navy Fleet Numerical Meteorologi- 

 cal and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) to pre- 

 dict the melt of icebergs. Anderson (1983) and 

 Hanson (1987) described the IIP deterioration 

 model in detail. 



Eleven satellite-tracked ocean drifting 

 buoys were deployed to provide current data for 

 HP's iceberg drift model during the 1995 season. 

 The buoys are similar in design to the World Ocean 

 Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and were 

 equipped with surface temperature sensors and a 

 drogue centered at 50 meters. Drift data from the 

 buoys are discussed in the IIP 1995 Drifting Buoy 

 Atlas, which is available upon request. 



During the 1995 season, IIP successfully 

 deployed 49 Air-deployable expendable 

 BathyThermographs (AXBTs), which measure 

 temperature with depth and transmit the data back 

 to the aircraft. Temperature data from the AXBTs 

 were sent to the Canadian Meteorological and 

 Oceanographic Center (METOC) in Halifax, Nova 



