IVORY CARVINGS 57 



the arms of France and of Berry are also carved on the face 

 of the towers. Around the base are the figures of the twelve 

 apostles. In one of the two largest niches is sculptured the 

 Due de Berry, uncle of Charles VI of France, accompanied 

 by his patron and an angel, and his wife, Jeanne Comtesse 

 d'Auvergne et de Boulogne, similarly accompanied. The 

 various sides bear numerous groups of bas-reliefs, one set 

 illustrating the life of St. John the Evangelist.* 



A considerable number of guilds were engaged in ivory 

 carving in Paris in the thirteenth century, either using this 

 material exclusively, or in connection with others. M. 

 Henry Havardf calls attention to the fact that M. Labarte, 

 in enumerating but three such guilds, has underestimated 

 their number as reported in the "Registres de Mestiers et 

 Marchanderies de la Ville de Paris," by Etienne Boileau, 

 appointed "garde de la prevote de Paris" in 1258, by Louis 

 IX. Besides the *'ymagiers tailleurs," the "peintres et 

 tailleurs-ymages, " and the "fabricants de tables a ecrire," 

 we must add the "couteliers faiseurs de manches" (knife- 

 handle makers), the "paternostriers faiseurs de noyaux a 

 robes" (rosary makers and those making beads for dress- 

 trimmings), the *'pingniers et lanterniers de Paris," who 

 were permitted to work in bone and ivory and, lastly, the 

 "deciers, faiseurs de des a tables et a eschies" (makers of 

 checker pieces and chessmen, as well as of dice). Thus no 

 less than seven of the corporations made use of ivory in 

 their work. 



Of the thirteenth-century ivory carvers the "Livre des 

 Mestiers de Paris" gives, under Title LXI, the following: 

 "Whosoever wishes to become an image-maker {ymagier) 



*See Emile Molinier, Musee National du Louvre; "Catalogue des Ivoires," Paris 

 [1896], pp. 217-232. 



fHenry Havard, " Dictionnaire de rameublement," Paris, n. d.. Vol. Ill, cols. 59, 60. 

 Article Ivoire. 



