254 IVORY AND THE ELEPHANT 



derful specimens of clear, unbroken ivory. Jewel boxes 

 are also to be seen measuring 7 in. across, cut from the 

 hollow end of the tusk, this representing a little less than 

 the diameter of the tusk used, as the requisite shaping and 

 polishing have necessarily removed a little of the original 

 material. Many of the toilet boxes have widths of from 

 4 in. to 6 in. Frequently the ends of so-called "scrivello" 

 tusks (those weighing less than from 6 to 10 pounds) are 

 flattened out at the broader end so as to form paper 

 cutters, and are found to be very effective for this 

 purpose. 



Principal uses to which ivory was put, average for years 

 1889-93, weight in kilograms:* 



OTHEB 

 FOR ENG. AM. GER. FR. COUN. TOTAL 



Knife-handles . 143,000 11,000 13,000 9,000 1,000 177,000 



Piano keys . . 14,000 62,000 57,000 29,000 .... 162,000 



Combs . . 16,000 21,000 23,000 31,000 .... 91,000 



Billiard balls . 9,000 13,000 12,000 14,000 1,000 49,000 



Miscellaneous 6,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 4,000 34,000 



188,000 116,000 113,000 90,000 6,000 513,000 



Consumption in India 121,000 



" China L . . . 13,000 



Grand Total 647,000 



Official returns for 1905 make the value of the "ivory and 

 keys, including keyboards" manufactured for pianos during 

 the year amount to $2,048,795, representing about 18 per 

 cent, of the cost of the materials used in making pianos. 

 The principal seats of the piano-key -making industry are at 

 Ivory ton. Conn., Tonawanda, N. Y., and Cambridge, 

 Mass., in the order named. For organs the item "ivory 

 and keys, including stops, knobs, tremolos," etc., totalled 



*"La Belgique Coloniale," Vol. I, p. 93, 1895-6. 



