EVOLUTION OF ELEPHANTS 379 



ber 8, 1903. The figure is only traced in silhouette, eye and 

 ear are lacking and only a single foreleg and hindleg are 

 drawn.* The tusk indicated by a short stroke and the ab- 

 sence of any mane, there being only markings indicating 

 a few stiff hairs along the spine, combine to prove that we 

 have here essentially the same type as that figured on the 

 cave wall of Pindal. This confirms the conjecture that the 

 mammoths both draughtsmen were striving to figure were 

 very different in appearance from those which served as 

 models for the prehistoric artists of the Dordogne caverns-t 

 In the southern part of the department of Oran, Algeria, 

 there have been found engraved on the face of rocks by 

 natives of the land a certain number of elephant figures. 

 These representations are believed to be of great antiquity, 

 and some of them may possibly date back to the early period 

 of the cave dwellers of the Dordogne. A curious example 

 of the North African rock sculptures shows five somewhat 

 grotesque elephant figures, engraved and polished, two bulls 

 and two cows, accompanied by some human figures, these 

 being placed as though to give, by contrast, an adequate 

 idea of the immense size of the quadrupeds. This sculpture 

 is on a rock between Ouedj and Tathania in Southern Oran.J 

 Here the cows appear to be without tusks, those of the bulls 

 being very short. The same holds good of another similar 

 rock sculpture from the same region.** Whether it would be 

 safe to draw any morphological conclusions from the rude 

 figures of these primitive artists appears very doubtful. 



*H. Alcalde del Rio, Abbe Henri Breuil, and Rev. Father Lorenzo Sierra, " Les Cav- 

 ernes de la Region Cantabrique (Espagne), " "Peintures et Gravures Murales des Cavernes 

 Paleolitiques," Monaco, 1911; published under the auspices of H. S. H. Prince Albert I 

 of Monaco. See pp. 61, 66, and PI. XLIV and XLV. 



tOp. cit., p. 129; see Fig. 117, p. 131, and PI. LXVIII. 



J"Les Cavemes de la Region Cantabrique (Espagne)," by H. Alcalde del Rio, Abbe 

 Henri Breuil and the Rev. Father Lorenzo Sierra. Monaco, 1911; published under the 

 auspices of H. S. H. Prince Albert of Monaco. See p. 239, Fig. 246. 



**0p. cit.. Fig. 247, p. 240. 



