EVOLUTION OF ELEPHANTS 383 



hensile trunk upon the development of this animal's in- 

 telligence, which is of a high order in some directions, has 

 been adduced by Prof. Richard S. Lull, who notes that the 

 elephant shares to a limited extent with man in the ability 

 to handle objects easily and delicately, and to bring them 

 before the face for examination.* 



Fossil remains of extinct species of elephants have been 

 found in various parts of Japan, in deposits of Miocene age, 

 and all the way up to those of Pleistocene age. So far four 

 or five distinct species have been determined.! 



It was not until 1900 that a systematic attempt was 

 made to distinguish and describe the different varieties of 

 the Elephas africanus. In that year Dr. Matschie, Curator 

 of the Zoological Museum in Berlin, indicated four of these 

 varieties, namely: 



Elephas a. capensis, cuv. 



El. a cyclotis, matschie. 



El. a. Knochenhaueri, matschie. 



El. a. oxyotis, matschie. 



In 1906 Noack described a new sub-species of dwarf 

 elephant, EL a. pumilio. Finally, in 1908, Lydekker, bas- 

 ing his distinctions chiefly upon the form and relative 

 dimensions of the ear, named the following thirteen sub- 

 species of the Elephas africanus blum.:| 



E. a. capensis cuv. Eastern part of South Africa. 



(Port Elizabeth, where it is pro- 

 tected). 



E. a. oxyotis lyd. Western part of South Africa. 



(Near Mossel Bay, where it is 



protected). 



*Ibid., p. 8. 



tCommimicated by Kinosuke Inouye, Director of the Imperial Geological Survey of 

 Japan. 



JSchouteden, "L'elephant nain du Congo"; in Revue Zoologique Africaine, Vol. I, 

 Fasc. 2, pp. 222-229, PI. XII, XIII; Bruxelles, August 31, 1911. 



