394 IVORY AND THE ELEPHANT 



sembled the reindeer, although of much greater size. A 

 somewhat remarkable find was made at Schismareff Inlet, 

 when the anterior part of a mammoth skull was discovered 

 in which there was no sign of petrifaction, the bone remaining 

 dry, firm, and light, in spite of the great period of time which 

 must have elapsed since the quadruped's death.* 



A few years ago, during the winter of 1908-9, there was 

 discovered at Borna, near Leipzig, the nearly complete 

 skeleton of a mammoth. The remains lay in the lower 

 part of a stratum of quaternary clay, and with them was 

 found a fragment of a reindeer antler. The character of the 

 formation in which the mammoth bones appeared indicated 

 that the animal had met its death by sinking into a marsh 

 or species of quicksand, which it was endeavouring to trav- 

 erse. The longest of the tusks measured 3.26 meters 

 (10 ft. 6 in.) and has a circumference of 50 cm. (nearly 20 

 in.) at the base. The height of the mammoth is estimated 

 to have been 3 meters 20 centimeters or nearly 10 ft. 6 in.f 



In the alluvial deposits of Tilloux, near Gensac-la-Pallue 

 (dept. Charente), many remains of the extinct European 

 elephant were found in 1894, associated with a number of 

 products of the industry of prehistoric man. J Among the 

 elephant relics were two enormous tusks, found almost 

 twenty feet apart from each other. They are but little 

 curved. The line between the two extremities (the " chord") 

 of the better preserved of these tusks measures 2 m. 85 cm., 

 or 9^ ft., while similar measurements of the large Indian 

 tusk in the Paris Museum of Natural History gives but 1 

 m. 87 cm. (6^ ft.), and a like measurement on a straight 

 line of the Durfort tusk of the extinct Elephas meridionalis 



* Charles H. Townsend, " Notes on the Natural History and Ethnoiogj- of Northern 

 Alaska," in " Report of the cruise of the revenue marine steamer Corwin, in the Arctic 

 Ocean in the year 1885," pp. 81 sqq.; see p. 89. 



t J. Felix " Das Mammuth von Borna," Leipzig, 1912, Sec. also p. of the present Mork. 



JMarcellin Boule, " La Ballastere de Tilloul," in L' Anthropologic, Vol. VL pp. 497-506. 



