ELEPHANT TUSKS 395 



shows 1 m. 70 cm. (a trifle over 5^ ft.). The tusks found 

 at Tilloux also appear to indicate that they belonged to an 

 animal even larger than the mammoth of the Petrograd 

 Museum of Natural History.* Two molars found in these 

 same Tilloux deposits presented in their general aspect 

 and the number and form of the ridges the well-known 

 features of Elephas meridionalis. The fact, however, that 

 these elephant remains had been found in association with 

 prehistoric artefacts and that molars both of El. primi- 

 genius (the mammoth) and of El. antiquus should also be 

 met with here under quite similar conditions was very note- 

 worthy, as while remains of two of these species are occa- 

 sionally found together, the association of all three in a 

 single deposit is extremely rare. 



The British Museum of Natural History contains the 

 finest mammoth skull that has been found in England. 

 It comes from the brick earth at Ilford, Essex. The tusks 

 project 10 ft. 6 in. beyond the sockets. Unfortunately the 

 skull is the only part of the skeleton that has been preserved, 

 although when it was found the entire skeleton appears to 

 have been present, f 



Mammoth remains from the State of Illinois are to be 

 seen in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. 

 With a skull of Mastodon americanus from Yorkville, Illi- 

 nois, was preserved a single tusk the circumference of which 

 was 23 in., the length along the curve being 6 ft. 3 in., while 

 a direct line from one extremity to the other (the chord) 

 measures only 3 ft. 7 in., these dimensions showing the great 



*The characteristic differences of four of these tusks are brought out in Fig. 4, p. 502, 

 of M. Boule's paper; all being given on a scale of 1:30. The figures indicate'the following 

 approximate measurements of the Petrograd mammoth tusk: length between extremities 

 (the chord) 1.65 m., length along the outer curve 2.80 m. compared with 2.85 m. and (ap- 

 prox.) 3 m., or 9.84 ft. for the tusk of Tilloux. 



fA Guide to the Elephants (Recent and Fossil) in the British Museum (Natural His- 

 tory), London, 1908, p. 41. 



