492 IVORY AND THE ELEPHANT 



= Mastodon virgatidens, Meyer, 1867. 



BEontographica, XVII, p. 61. 

 Pliocene. Europe. 



Pal- 



Mammut pkogenium Hay. 

 1914 Iowa Geol. Surv., XXIII, pp. 368-373. 

 = Mammut americanum Calvin 1909. 

 = Mastodon americanus Calvin 1911. 

 Pleistocene, Iowa. 



ELEPHANTINE 



(true elephants and stegodons) 



Elephas (Stegodon) airawana 

 Martin. 

 1890 Nat. Verb. K. Akad. Wiss., Amster- 

 dam, p. 4. 

 Pliocene. Java. 



Elephas (Stegodon) bombifrons 



Falconer and Cautley. 



1846 Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, pt. 1, p. 46. 



Pliocene. India (Punjab to Siwalik Hills)? 



China, .''Java. 



Elephas (Stegodon) clifti 

 Falconer and Cautley. 

 1846 Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, pt. 1, p. 47. 

 = Mastodon elephantoides Clift, 1828. 

 = Stegodon sinensis Owen, 1870. 

 = Stegodon clifti, Naumann, 1881. 

 Lower Pliocene (Siwalik). Burma, China, 

 Japan, India (Siwalik Hills and Punjab). 



Elephas (Stegodon) ganesa 

 Falconer and Cautley. 

 1846 Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, pt. 1, p. 45- 

 1876 Rec. Geol. Surv. India, IX, p. 48. 

 Pleistocene, Lower Pliocene (Siwalik). 

 India (Punjab and Siwalik Hills, and 

 Narbada Valley). 



Elephas (Stegodon) insignis 

 Falconer and Cautley. 



1846 Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, pt. 1, p. 37. 



= Mastodon elephantoides, Clift, 1828 (in 

 part). 



= ? Stegodon orientalis Owen, 1870. 



= Stegodoji insignis Naumann, 1881. 



Lower Pliocene (Siwalik). Burma, China, 

 Java, Japan, India (Punjab and Siwalik?), 

 Pleistocene of Narbada Valley. 



Elephas (Stegodon) mindanensis 

 Naumann. 



1890 Zeitsch. d. geol. Ges., Vol. XLH, p. 



166. 

 Pliocene. Philippines. 



Elephas (Stegodon) trigono- 

 CEPHALUS Martin. 



1887 Samml. geol. Reichsmus, Leyden, IV, 



pt. 2, p. 36. 

 Pliocene. Java. 



Elephas (Loxodonta) africantjs 

 Blumenbach.* 

 Recent. Africa. 



Elephas (Loxodonta) africanus 

 ALBERTENsis Lydckker. 

 Skull unusually short and broad. 

 1907 Brit. Mus. Guide Great Game An., 



p. 72. 

 Recent. Albert Nyanza. 



Elephas (Loxodonta) AFRicANtra 

 CAPENSis Matschie. 



Ears enormous (4 ft. 5 in. x 4 ft. in ? 8^ ft. 

 high), somewhat square in shape, rounded 

 corners, and small, sharply pointed angu- 

 lar lappet in front. Forehead falls away 

 toward temples, so as to appear highly 

 arched. 



1907 Brit. Mus. Guide Great Game An., 

 p. 72. 



Recent. South Africa. 



Elephas (Loxodonta) africanus 

 CYCLOTis Matschie. 

 Ears very large, oval, lappet in front a half- 

 ellipse. Skin mosaic-like in appearance — 

 colour paler gray than oxyotis. 

 1907 Brit. Mus. Guide Great Game An., 



p. 72. 

 Recent. Western Africa, tj^jically from 

 southern Cameroons. 



Elephas (Loxodonta) africanus 



knockenhaueri Matschie. 



Smaller ears than oxyotis, triangular front 



lappet angulated and pointed (4 ft. 22 in. 



X 5 ft. 3 in.). 



1907 Brit. Mus. Guide Great Game An., 



p. 72. 

 Recent. German East Africa. 



Elephas (Loxodonta) africanus 

 oxyotis Matschie. 

 Ears considerably smaller than cyclotis, 

 semicircular, front lappet very sharply 

 pointed and angular. 



*For additional varieties of this species see pages 



83, 384 of the present work. 



