68 



THE AMEEICAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



ble, and to facilitate references, we have inim- 

 bered the diflferent broods of this insect in ac- 

 cordance with the date of their future appear- 

 ance from and after the present year. We sliall 

 ever be glad to receive from any source reliable 

 dates of their past visits in any locality, and 

 gladljr con-ect any errors that may be pointed 

 out in the following- table. In writing to us on 

 this subject, it should, whenever possible, be 

 stated whether the insect appeared at intervals 

 of 13 or 17 years. 



BROOD I.— Septemdecim— 1852, 186D. 



In the year 1869, and at intervals of 17 years 

 thereafter, they will probably appear in the val- 

 ley of the Connecticut river. According to Dr. 

 Asa Fitch (N. Y. Eep. I, p. 40), they appeared 

 there in 1818 and 1835 ; although, strange to say, 

 there seems to be no record of their having ap- 

 peared there in 1852. Hence this may be con- 

 sidered as a somewhat problematical bi-ood. 



BROOD II. ~Se2)tcmdeci7n— 1853, 1870. 



In the year 1870, and at intervals of 17 years 

 thereafter, they wiU in all probability appear in 

 what is known as the "Kreitz Creek Valley" in 

 York county, Pa. This brood appears to be 

 quite local. Mr. S. S. Rathvon, of Lancaster, 

 Pa., — our informant, — says : "Lancaster county 

 is bounded on the Southwest by the Susquehan- 

 na river, dividing it from the county of York, 

 along the northeastern margin of whicli there is 

 a mountain range, sloping down to the river. 

 Along that slope Cicadas were abundant the 

 present season (1868 — our Brood XVI) . But on 

 the southwest side of the range, in what is 

 known as the Kreitz Creek Valley, there were 

 none. They appeared last in this valley in 

 1853, and previous to that year at intervals of 

 17 years fi'om time immemorial." 



BROOD III.— Septemaecim—18U, 1871. 



In the year 1871, and at intervals of 17 years 

 thereafter, they will in all probability appear 

 around the head of Lake Michigan, extending 

 as far east as the middle of the State of Michi- 

 gan, and west an unknown distance into Iowa. 

 Also in Walworth county and other portions of 

 Southern "Wisconsin, and southward into Illi- 

 nois. This brood is equal to Dr. Fitch's 6th. It 

 extends all over Northern Illinois, and as fer 

 south as Edgar county, and its appearance in 

 1837 and 1854 is well and thoroughly recorded. 

 In Champaign county. Ills., it overlaps our 

 Brood XIII, or the Southern Illinois fredecim 

 brood, while it also interlocks with Brood IX 

 (seiitemdecini) in the same count}'. > 



They will also appear in the same years in the 

 southeast by eastern part of Lancaster county. 



Pa., in what is called the "Pequea Valley," hav- 

 ing appeared there in vast numbers in 1854. 



The earliest known record we have of the ap- 

 pearance of periodical Cicadas, is in Morton's 

 "Memorial," in wliich it is stated that they ap- 

 peared at Plymouth, Plymouth county, Mass., 

 in the year 1633. Now, according to that date, 

 one might be led to suppose that this recorded 

 brood of Morton's belonged to our Brood III, as 

 exactly 14 periods of 17 years will have elapsed 

 between 1633 and 1871 ; bu.t, strange to say, we 

 have no other records of this brood than that in 

 the "Memorial," whereas there are abundant 

 records of their appearing one year later in the 

 same locality, ever since 1787. We therefore 

 strongly incline to believe that the visit recorded 

 by Morton was a premature one, and that it was 

 properly due in 1634. We have therefore placed 

 it in Brood VI, and have little doubt but that if 

 records could be found, these would prove the 

 Cicadas to have appeared in 1651, 1668, 1685, 

 1702, 1719, 1736, 1753, and 1770, as they did in 

 1787, 1804, 1821, 1838, and 1855. 



BROOD IV,— TcetfCCTTTt— 1858, 1871. 



In the year 1871, being the same year as 

 the preceding, and at intervals of 13 years 

 thereafter, they will in all probability appear in 

 the extreme southwestei-n corner of Mississippi, 

 and in the adjoining part of Louisiana. Dr. D. L. 

 Pharos of Newtonia (near Woodville) Miss., 

 who informs us of this brood, says that in 1858 

 it extended over most of Wilkinson and part of 

 Amite counties, Mississippi, and East and West 

 Feliciana, La. He has himself witnessed the 

 appearance of this brood during the years 1832, 

 1845 and 1858, while it is distinctly remembered 

 by aged people in his neighborhood as having 

 also appeared there in the years 1806 and 1819. 



BROOD V.—Tredecim-18i'3, 1873. 



In the year 1872, and at intervals of 13 years 

 thereafter, they will in all probability appear in 

 Jackson county and around Cobden and Jones- 

 boro, in Union county, South Illinois. 



According to Mr. Paul Frick of Jonesboro, 

 they were in Union county. Ills., in 1858, and he 

 also tMnks it was a great year for them about 

 1832. Those of 1858 were probably premature 

 stragglers of the 1859 brood, while Mr. Frick is 

 most likely mistaken as to tlie year 1832, since 

 the Rev. George W. Ferrcll of Cobden, Union 

 county, witnessed their appearance at that place 

 in 1833, and also in 1846 and 1859 ; and Cyrus 

 Thomas has also recorded their appearance in 

 1859 in the 5th Rep. of the Ills. State Agr. Soc, 

 p. 458.* This brood not improbably extends 



* It' Ml-. Piiiil Frick i.s covroct, the brood he has witnessed 

 may yosdibly be a detachment ol' the Mississijjpi and Louisi- 



