40 THE OSPREY. 



him Alexander Selkirk, recently rescued from the Island of Juan Fernandez; 

 by Anson, the famous circumnavigator; and by the English captains Wallis 

 and Byron. On November 2, 1769, the Jesuits left Guam, their order having 

 been banished from the Mariannes, as well as from all other posessions of 

 Spain, by Carlos III. They were succeeded by friars of the order of San 

 Agustino. 



Both Dampier and Anson give interesting accounts of the island and their 

 products; but no collection was made to illustrate their natural history until the 

 early part of 1792, when Thaddeus Haenke, a Bohemian botanist, and Luis 

 Nee visited Guam and Tinian on their way from Acapulco to the Philippines, and 

 made a collection of the plants. A number of these were described by Don 

 Antonio Jose Cavanilles, Professor of Botany at Madrid, in 1801, in a work 

 entitled "Descripcion de las plantas que Don Antonio Josef Cavanilles de- 

 monstr6 en las lecciones publicas del ano 1801 precidida de los principios ele- 

 mentales de la botanica". In this work the author establishes a new genus 

 of ferns which he called Humata from plants collected at Umata, Island of 

 Guam. 



In 1817 the islands were visited by Kotzebue, accompanied by Adelbert 

 Chamisso, as botanist of his celebrated expedition. A narrative of the expe- 

 dition was published giving interesting information concerning the natural 

 history of the group, and in 1827 Chamisso published independently "Eeise 

 um die Welt; Bemerkungen und Ansichten auf einer Entdeckungsreise unter 

 Kotzebue". But not until 1819 were systematic investigations made into the 

 physical geography, geology, flora and fauna of the Mariannes. On March 

 17 of this year the expedition under Captain Louis Desaulses de Freycinet, 

 reached Guam, the Uranie coming to anchor in the roadstead of Umata, on the 

 southwest coast of the island, and remaining until the 6th of June. Attached 

 to the expedition were Quoy and Gaimard as doctors and Gaudichaud as phar- 

 macist, who also acted as naturalists, making a collection of the fauna and 

 flora. Monsieur Gaimard also compiling a vocabulary of the language of 

 the natives. Monsieur Arago, ai'tist of the expedition, assisted them and 

 afterwards wrote an independent but unreliable narrative of the expedition. 

 Quoy and Gaimard's work on the zoology of the expedition is well-known, and 

 in the report on botany many new plants are described by Gaudichaud. 

 Several years afterwards, in 1828, Quoy and Gaimard again visited the group, 

 this time on the corvette Astrolabe, under the command of Captain J. Dumont 

 d'Urville. 



The information given to the world by these expeditions was further 

 augmented by the expedition of the Spanish corvette Narvaez commanded by 

 Captain Sanchez y Zayas, and by Monsieur Alfred Marche, who collected on 

 the islands from April 22, 1887 until the first part of May, 1889. The re- 



