1870.} 133 
rows of long stiff bristles, each bristle surmounting a lateral tubercule. 
As the larva consists of a head and twelve segments, each row consists 
of eleven bristle-bearing tubercles, the bristles of the anal segment 
being directed backwards. These bristles are probably of great assist- 
ance in locomotion. The young larva, adhering to the damp felty wall 
of the burrow by its moisture, moves freely along or round it by a 
wave-like motion, and feeds entirely on the fungus-exudation until it 
has grown large enough to occupy the whole diameter of the burrow. 
The full-grown larva presents corneous points at the same 
situations as those occupied by the bristles of the young larva. With 
each change of skin they become shorter, till they are thus only 
represented in the last skin. I need not describe the full grown larva, 
which has been figured by both Ratzeburg and Perris, and well 
described by the latter in the Annales des Sciences Nat., série II, 
tome 14, p. 89. The only exception I would make to Perris’ description 
is that he describes it as rather thickened beyond the middle, and he so 
figures it. The larva is really quite cylindrical, when at home in its 
burrows. Perris does not appear to have met with it plentifully, and 
to have made his descriptions from specimens removed from the burrows, 
without noting that soon after removal the larva becomes rather thicker 
beyond the middle segments, and, instead of continuing straight, becomes 
curved, and then much resembles that of the other Xylophaga. It is 
extremely muscular, and this change probably results from its contor- 
tions not being counteracted by their usual points of resistance, the 
walls of the galleries. 
The larve must feed up very rapidly, as I find them full-grown 
when the burrows can hardly have been made more than a few weeks. 
I have found no evidence of eggs being laid after the late autumn ; 
and during the winter the burrows contain full-fed larve. The parent 
beetles also live in the burrows all the winter. 
During the winter all the inhabitants are nearly dormant, but in 
autumn and spring much frass is ejected. At first, and before there 
are any larve in the burrow, this is all of the splintery variety ; but 
afterwards it is composed of small pellets of digested wood, almost 
entirely the excreta of the larve. The young larve certainly live on 
the fungus-exudation I have described, until they grow large enough to 
fill the burrow. The large larvee must eat considerably, both from the 
amount of fat they store up and their muscularity. There is also much 
frass ejected, and these considerations lead me to believe that the full- 
grown larve eat the wood, though I have no proof of it, and I know 
that they eat the fungus. 
