1871.) 9 
in the middle in pyreneus ; moreover, if the specimens so compared be 
males, it will be noticed that the teeth on the under-surface of the an- 
terior tibiz are eight in number in vernalis, and five, or perhaps six, in 
pyreneus ; to these points it should be added that the hinder angles of 
the thorax are more obtuse and rounded in vernalis than in pyrencus. 
The character derived from the sculpture of the thorax is liable to be 
diminished to a great extent in some of the varieties of vernalis, and the 
abdominal punctuation also varies somewhat in the different races 
of pyreneus ; nevertheless, the characters given, when once thoroughly 
seized, separate the two species clearly and decisively. 
The variations of G. vernalis are very great. In the Alps and 
Pyrenees occurs a small dark coloured variety, in which the sculpture 
of the elytra is well marked, and the teeth of the male tibiz are nine or 
ten in number; this is the G. alpinus of Hagenbach and Erichson. 
From Carinthia I have a small black variety, with the punctuation of 
the thorax much diminished. In the Alps there occurs a very brilliant 
and beautifully coloured green variety, G. autwmnalis, Ziegl. From 
Trebizond I have two varieties, one a small, dull, bluish-green individual, 
with the thorax very densely punctured, and the elytra with raised 
marks, somewhat resembling blisters; the other a larger, black indivi- 
dual, with its thorax much more finely and sparingly punctured. Be- 
sides these varieties, less marked ones are found in various parts of the 
plains of Europe. 
I have not seen a specimen of G. purpureus, Kist. (from Turkey); 
but, from the description, I entertain no doubt that it is a variety of 
G. vernalis. G. Amedei, Fairm. (also from Turkey) I have not seen, 
but I consider it probably another variety of vernalis ; the synonymy is 
G. vernalis, Linn. 
levis, Steph. 
. autumnalis (Ziegl.) Er. 
. alpinus, Hag. 
. obscurus, Muls. 
. violaceus, Muls. 
SEES 
. varians, Muls. 
v. splendens, Muls. 
Pw. purpureus, Kiist. 
2? v. Amedei, Fairm. 
This species occurs throughout Europe (even in Sweden and Scot- 
land). 
Now, as to the forms of G. pyreneus. The ordinary form varies 
greatly in its secondary male characters. Generally, there is a tubercle 
