126 tNovember, 
almost entirely naked in the species I have examined, being supplied | 
only with smooth, hairless, scarcely elevated, lenticular warts, or with 
irregularly distributed very minute wartlets, bearing inconspicuous — 
hairs. In other species there are long, fleshy filaments upon the sides 
of the mature caterpillar, but I have not seen the embryonic stage. 
In addition, the first segment is supplied with an osmaterium, which is © 
wanting in early life. 
The Hesperide strongly remind us of the genus Colias; for we find 
the body of the embryonic larva supplied with rather short fungiform — 
or infundibuliform appendages, disposed in rows upon the sides of the 
body, and arranged as in the Pierine; while in the full grown cater- 
pillar, the body is furnished only with short downy hairs, irregularly — 
and profusely scattered. This furnishes an additional proof, of which 
many others are not wanting, of the closé affinity of the Papilionide 
and Hesperide. 
We have thus passed in review most of the great groups of Rho- 
palocera,* and have substantiated, in a general way, the assertion made 
at the outset :—that there are greater structural differences between the - 
embryonic and adult stages of the same individual than can be found | 
in the adult larve of allied genera. Indeed, this statement is perhaps — 
too feebly formulated, so important are many of the distinctions which 
| 
have been traced. These differences, it should be noted, are not always | 
in the same direction ; for we have seen that caterpillars which in infancy 
are clothed with appendages of a unique and conspicuous character, 
definitely disposed, display, in mature life, irregularly distributed, 
scarcely perceptible warts, emitting simple and nearly microscopic 
hairs ; while others, which in their earliest stage bore regular series of 
simple hairs, seated on little warts, become possessed, at maturity, of , 
compound spines, surmounting mammule, also definitely arranged, but — 
occupying a very different position to the hairs of early life. So, too, 
we find some caterpillars which bear a tuberculated, irregular head in — 
infancy, and a smooth and equal one at maturity ; or the reverse, where 
the head is simple at birth, and heavily spined or cornute when full 
grown; others, again, remain almost unchanged through life. This 
latter condition of uniformity never applies to the appendages of the — 
body, whether we consider their character alone, or their disposition. 
Nor—the only other possible condition—do we ever find larve bearing — 
only irregularly distributed, simple, minute hairs in infancy, and regu- 
larly arranged special appendages at maturity. Indeed, it is doubtful 
whether such a phenomenon exists in Nature; since in the numerous 
and varied groups that have been examined, special dermal appendages 
have been found to be an invariable characteristic of embryonic larvae. + 
August, 1871. 
* Mr. Riley finds similar changes in Danais.—S. H. 8. 
