January 19, 1895. 
THE GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
71 
fungi are specially established on a leaf, it is easy 
classification. 
isolate them to study the conditions under which 
they live, their development, and the extent of their 
number of forms which 
are found —— on wee 
same me — with others growi 
th When the parasitic fungi have — 
the surface and attacked the substance of the leaf, 
its origin, — ſungi 
being so much mixed up with other — 
It sometimes happens, indeed, as in the — 
the fungus which — attacks the Vanilla in 
the Seychelle Islands, Calospora Vanillæ, that the 
the common origin 
Su , indeed, that we are a to isolate and 
determine the different fungi present, it is impossible, 
without knowing thoroughly the — of each, 
either to say which form commenced the attack, and 
opened the way for the others, or what would be useful 
to check the spread of the disease. With four, five, or 
In such cases one must proceed to cultivate the 
1 separately, and — them + prolonged 
observation, Oae learns thus their nature and 
hab its Afterwards, if traces of 3 * 
are a on the leaves, their origin can immediately 
be determined, 
Thus we see how much research is necessary to 
obtain a definite result on such a subject. It is 
much to be desired that amateurs should facilitate 
these researches by sending mate 
the laboratories established for this purpose, espe- 
cially to the one which * Botanical Society of 
Brussels has recently establis 
It is very important to cut the leaves as soon as 
the disease a and not when it is too far 
nable one to ‘determine the origin. 
d, 
of 
he tee 
oe The 
only ai git we can then discover with the 
e various saprophytes which have 
9 the gael parasite, now only represented 
bys 
spores, 
We may now 8 speak of the methods of combating 
hese parasites generally develop when 
when the air is too d too much char; t 
stagnant ee In order to expel the fungi, we 
should therefore ventilate the houses as muc 
possible, and e the temperature within proper 
limits, and observe generally all the precautions 
which tend to promote healthy growth. On the 
d, as we cannot entirely prevent the 
introduction of the fungi into our houses, we m 
examine the leaves W time to time, and wash them 
with weak ater. Those which we find 
attacked should be washed with a dilute solution of 
badly diseased, an 
which the black spots have destroyed the varface, 
arin One should take care not to shake the 
— 4 in cutting them, and should carry them wrapped 
np 
of infection, Thus we see 
utmost importance.” Comte de Moran (Journal des 
Orchidées, vol. v.), Lindenia, July, 1894, p. 45 et seq. 
FLORISTS’ FLOWERS, 
THE FLORISTS’ SHOW TULIP, 
Mr. James W. Benrtey, Hon. Secre of the 
Royal aacrgare Talip Soclety, has taken upon him- 
self a which will undoubtedly elicit for him 
praises er thanks from all his brother florists who 
cultivate with so much pleasure kid pride the WN. 
show Tulip. The task he has undertaken 0 
present to the public, through the medium of the 
Journal of Horticulture, a full history and 2 
account of the cultivation and properties of the 
florists’ show Talip, with a complete liat or cata- 
logue of all the varieties known to exist at the 
present 1 and th 
appeared in 
issue). The pol 
in writing so elaborately agy his favourite flower 
is evidently a desire to bring it as prominently as 
possible before the notice of ‘all florists and amateurs 
in the suburbs and e pert rhood of L 
where, during the 
of the most distinguished and enthusiastic forinta; 
and it is to be hoped that his endeavours will ree 
with the reward they so richly deserve, and that 
exhibition tables of the Royal Horticaltural Bockety 
and others of wr south may, ere long, be abundantly 
dorned with stands and groups of this, the moat 
gorgeous and icing species of florists’ 2 
secured the support of o 
mises him Aaf 28 
Mesers & Son 
bulb growers, of King Street, Covent Garden; and 
who have, I een purchased, at a co 
something approaching £150, upwards o fifteer een 
thousand bulbs of the ahii Talip, consisting of all 
the principal exhibition varieties, 
Messrs, Barr & Son’s object in entering into so 
bold a speculation is, as far as I can ascertain, to 
induce florists, and especially amateure, to take the 
show Tulip in hand, and as an encouragement for 
them to do so, they are prepared to supply collections at 
the most moderate prices ; and they have also entered 
into an arrangement with the Royal Horticultural 
Society for two exhibitions to be held in London 
during the ensuing May and June; and in conjanc- 
tion with the above Society, Silver and Bronzs 
Medals will be offered as prizes to exhibitors, May 
all their efforts be crowned with success will be the 
sincere wish of all lovers of this, the queen of 
florists’ flowers. James Thurstan, The Green, Cannock, 
CARNATIONS, 
January is a busy month for the florist, especially 
if the weather be favourable; his Carnations and 
Auriculas are practically at rest, but they are not off 
his mind. I have been busy opie preparing 
compost for the Carnations. It is well known = 
2 
fibrous turf is 
the best Carnation 
spend many hours carefully searching his compat 
handful by handful, and where there is a good h 
of it, this process may take the parko of a 8 
. 
the wire worm 
much too plentifal i in fibrous turf, and nd partiy- decayed 
ost a necessity 
Many other plans had tried to 
quickly with the hard-skinned foe, a e was 
effectual until I hit upon a scheme which — à 
I said nothing about it until I was 
sure that its effects were also to the 
Carnations, The usual way of mixing the —— 
ch loam, h decayed manure, &c. 
Instead of this, as soon as the loam is brought into 
the yard I spread a thin layer on the ground, and 
stables 
used); another — of loam and a layer of manure 
alternately, formin g 
use three 
manure, and the heap heats 2 to kill 
every living thing, wireworms included, I found some 
of them managed to get to the outer part of the heap 
in their effort to escape, but we set to w 
turned the heap over, putting the outer part inside, 
= 8 was effectual, Leaf-mould can be added 
composts mixed in — way are 
— ne all kinds of pot-plants, su 
anthemums, 
The ammonia fro 
absorbed by the — nothing is wasted, 
jast put up a heap containing eight cart-loads alto- 
gether, this will suffice for all the spring and eariy 
a good heap of eady, so that everyone cen 
use it for the —— = te of plants to which 
it is adapte 
Except s see that Carnations and Picotees do not 
suffer from damp, in frames they do not require much 
attention, Auriculas must have decayed leaves 
removed, and both classes of plants should have free 
ventilation by tilting the lights well at the back 
whenever the weather is at all favourable. Holly- 
hocks claim attention this month, and preparation 
mus made to propagate them either by cuttings 
or root grafting. The Hollyhock cutting does net 
root 80 
f the e 
tected by glass-lights, All the growths round the 
neck of the atool are cut off closely but one; this 
one will form a vigorous plant itself. All the others 
are med a little, removing the lower leaves, and 
they are planted singly and firmly in thumb-potr, 
These are plunged in the bottom-heat of a forcing- 
honse, and protected by a mien ge do not give 
whip-grafting is performe ny leave 
should be cut off, and the cuttings dipped into sole 
soapy-water and sulphur ; this certainly seems to keep 
it off As soon as it is seen that the cuttings have 
formed roots, they should be taken out of the pre- 
pagating-place, and in time they are inured toa cooler 
place, an potted as soon as they are established, 
uce plants that will 
flower in the autumn; they must, however, be — 
on in „ and when large enough potted o 
J. Doug 
ta dala ed FOR CONSERVA- 
TORIE 
aa I have had some little practical experience with 
foliage plants as Ferns, an aged, 
trouble, to vanquish all difficulties, so that I am now 
y convinced of the convenience and fitness of gas 
for the above purpose, a word or two on 
e to ga at pared Years ago, finding that 
the stoking, &c., attendant upon the usual system, 
was not only a nuisance to one who, like 
downs at critical periods, I resolved to try gas, and, 
a small conical 
. my fern „with an 
. the air-supply was admitted 
a fairly 5 door ath the enclosing cylinder, 
the escaped, or were intended to escape, 
r Ie This acted 
perfectly well in calm weather, and a nice 
