manner 23, 1896, THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE 241 
ae a 
hidden from view. It was agreed by the President insecticide, = 3 destroys the spider, and Apples grown in our northern counties, compared 
that such publicity was needful, but there remains gives the foli age a thy appearance; it also with those from southern or western ones, leading 
the unhappy fact, at whilst nothing tended s0 keeps the sparrows Bo, ‘eine the bloom. The us to doubt their identity, so much do they differ 
much to the publicity of this wo he holding o washings for red-spider ould, of course, be done i ppea I thi is goes to show sun- 
eetings of the Society at Chiswick, yet that very in bright weather, as the spider is then on the top light gives colour, not the soil Th ho exhibit 
z of publicity has been unhappily abolished f the leaves; in dull and wet weather it gəts under- know if the leaves cover the fruit after a certain stage 
soms prejadice against Chiswick, for it neat hing shou take place on the first the fruit will remain gr b s it not colcur 
be s : s a 
What would it cost the Society were the President intervals of a few da ays about four washings being process is so much due to the soil? And agair, 
and Council to organise a little floral féte at Chiswick mae we belie eve, to thoroughly rid the bashes of * brighest fruits are sem the tops of the trees, 
in the summer, and to hold a reception of the Fellows red-spider, however 39 i nicest, Chandler § Son, F. QC. Li ii Park, Dew 
and wan ee pA o 3 Fruit Pe Goldston -a Li e your eee eee E. M.” in a recent 
gardens, j ae at 7 COLOURING OF APPLES. iiss read the issue, I do not believe that it is from the soil alone 
n den Me ae. ein rg correspondence in the Gardeners’ Chronicle on the that Apples receive their colouring matter, but rather 
The trade A how readily if asked, an above subject, I would like to give its readers my from sunlight, „air, and warmth; and my experience 
beautiful flower 8 ? i F ; 0 ; i is that where fruit is not exposed to these agencies 
it will lack bright colour, and my practice is so far as 
ime a ick away the leaves whi ver- 
shadow the fruit on pyramids, wall, and espalier trees, 
and exposing it to the light a 9 h — 
through the growing season, and not as E. M.“ a 
keeping the fruit, for exhibition, etek till a short 
time before the show. Some gardeners may object 
n the soil has mu ch to to do with 
the ‘quality of Apples I fully believe, but it has more 
expression of opinion may dering t oil warmer than is case where 
in the it is not present. If we al 8 
that with the exception of the great Frui Apple tree, some persons will assert that from such a 
the Crystal tree well-col fruit are obtai rule 
comm 5 % Aat \ | et one cannot very well go over the tree to thin off 
s all fixed for September. ti rar \ | j the shadowing leaves—but, do these trees require it ? 
Surely, the Council cannot have realised the injary \ | | f Tea, say they do not, si imply because an old tr tree does 
meritorious e : \ | | re owing to the abundance | of plant food within 
month, when they will be unable to obtain or \ | | reach of its roots and its better powers of assimila- 
enjoy 
whos y imes in season. SH \ sufficiently without the gardener’s aid. As to lifting 
Surely, if bd other ol a it may be and replanting Apple trees, as W Id zee 
possible yet have fixe eeting, Show JS to maggot iang good for colouring, I cannot say that, 
tnd Conference, during Septembe rat Chiswick, If i ! I have ver required to replan t a tree for non- 
‘that be not so arranged, it will be a great misfortune ; ; | fil i ave ine non- 
and may, in many directions, cause great 0 | it is my opinion that e the fruit 
f 6 
S will not be wanting in colour if 
the tree is in a à thriving —— A, Burgess, The 
Hyde, Middlesex, 
à WHAT is LAUDANUM ?—Will any reader of the 
question of the d pment of Ch The Gardeners’ Chronicle ed — kindness to tell me 
‘tious dilapidations consequent on former financial what is the history o 
difficulties have now been F. oroughly restored, and laudanum, which I take to be an mpirical — 
lt remains for the Society to turn their experimenal opium, T eg in me * * 
garden to count. Excellent work is I should like to know at what time an pli 
alread e partments, but much more name was transferred from the gum of t istus to 
might ba accomplished, and Chiswick made the head- its present application. Herod calls this gum 
ladanum orledanum. Dioscorides, Pliny, and me 
pean he rbalists of the fifteenth and sixteen Se 
anywhere, Could not the proposed Vegetable 
learnt an 
= be be hei there this —— with great advan- Clusius, who is very full on the poe sa of 
the o Cistus, and describes the mode of co olle cti: 
ui RDINAND DE LESSEPS GRAPE.—In read ing \ it is ladanum, or druggista’ name is 
B, W Wadde interesting article on the Strawberr A , laudanum. Gerard says it is — in shops lapdanum, 
and Isabella or rican Fox Grapes, I thin or labdanum “‘uncorrectly.” Sieber, who visited the 
mute in error as regards the delicate constitution island of Crete early in this century, gives on? — 
the fn „ MY experience w u 55 as Clusius of the mode of collecting it 
perse, Thirteen years ago, when planting one which he saw in 3 saying that the edition can 
plang Vineries ere, my employer wished me to collect wires a ur pounds e i midday’s 
a Vine of it, An eye was struck in the ordi- Loud 3 quotes Sieber, tells us (Arbo - 
ee in e spring, and planted in Jun grew iG — retum, vol. i., sub, Cistus creticus) that it is mostly 
the tram reached the top of the rafters before sent to Constantinople to be used for chewing and 
though pruned back every year to Fira. 34.—A VIRESCENT HELENIUM AUTUMNALE, (SEE P. 240.) famigating, and for m aking an lan danum.” Now, 
although no reaso believe 
fr : ; 25 
Vine of the ites ina eee direct sunlight. The soil may, in some instances, and other e ‘whieh say that the 
inches 
a he house, Oa passing a tape word laudanum is derived from laudo, T 0 
— pr On ™ the border, I fiad the 1505 or sandy Paci — — me the N Eilain the drug is so highly praised : 
e ee water the border, hat ho the colouring. Tn our garden the wale ira henry fOr ia, mon, 1. er s e 2 
that loam, of course re ve o >y i d to be 
breed from. g that fellow” onld be Agg Servis > dry summer of 1893 was jast the right thing oe — — and was ä sted by th 
the les, and the colouring o fruits was aromatic Malpas. {Lach 
; ue TO KILL RED SPIDER ON GOOSEBERRY higher fi tone than I can ever remember it to have pret —— — . but simply 
that Ro may interest your readers to know been; which shows us that light and warmth have Tine r oid ia ; and, of course, 
: N. te Very successfal last spring wit ore to do with the giving of colour than has the Eue 1 8 
We used Insecticia e by a firm at Bridgnorth. nature of the soil. Again, Apples grown under f y which is ladanum. How the c 
emda heart 1 in the glass have brighter colours than those from trees ferus, mag : 
the w of one to thirty-eight or forty of water, outdoor; how is this? I think it must be because — , . 
wider we wash was As ape the — 1 remedy for red- they have more warmth, are rea from cold ik THER. — signton 
had ever used. T i and fluctuations in tem and hav cold weather here of 
infeated or the „ he bus es that were In 4 } having a sharp spell of e 8 It 
wont in the previous season, and a better attention in thinning the wood to 0 let in light g in South Devon. 
ie 
is 
Ag, turned out to be best last y to the fruit than outdoor frait — We know ee y 27 with a sharp frost and 
the carly washing they got with this the great difference in the colour of most of the began on January 
a 
