242 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
[FeBRvaRy 23, 1895, 
of snow, which has remained on the ground until 
to-day, when 
above ground, well-screened, beprer e 
AM, not been below 32 for the ‘ast sixteen days. 
© 
= 
hj 
S. 
8 
= 
2 
a 
= 
115 
224°. In Sig ee it has been abont 7° colder 
ere the ey had vps easterly gales 
the leaves — 
. T, T., Februa 
EXTRAORDINARY FRO8ST.—“Can the thermo- 
meter be accurate?” The editor's note last week 
is very much to the point. One of my own, a maxi- 
mum an minimum:registering thermometer, which 
cost about 173., er 12° wrong last winter, and 
immerse the thermometer in the resulting slush,” 
and zero of Fahrenheit should be indicated. For 
ezing point, 32°, i 
e 
mixture bro ice or snow, r; any 
difference shown from 32° will give the error of the 
indication. For boiling point keep the thermometer 
APPLE CANKER.—If we e the teachings of 
Mr. Greaves (see p. 72 of Gardeners’ Chronicle) in 
regard to this troublesome , we must 
that the fungus (Nectria ditissima) is the sole cause 
he canker in A I have carefully read 
eaves’ paper, and cannot come any othe 
ae es but that that is the gist of what he says. 
The theory advanced by Mr. Greaves [It is not hie, 
canker leads 
more often bares from cu 
bie hoor else, i 
paring rth, 
certainly am then eas tree, If th 
I fear would die outright than is at 
take, for example, 
present * 
0 this i 
mulches. 8 the s e 
ere be hot and dry. Under th 
thi 
not for the grower. Mr. Greav 
3 N ne cultural conditions of th 
all the sprayings imagin 
will n ot es ithe n of f eantas 1T ih oh Bie Head 
left untouched. If the spray ing faila. e cure the 
isease we can come to no other conclusion than that 
the condition of the trees is the result of their being 
sed from grafts infecte wit ectria ditissima, 
it,“ sooner or later these 
must cause the 5 sores of canker, and the 
destruction of the tree is only a matter of time.“ I 
Department. 
— 11, and 12. 
hope our fruit - tree nurserymen will take note of this 
theory, and steer clear of all grafts that may in the 
course of years produce canker. E. M. 
COLONIAL NOTES. 
ANTIGUA, 
R. C. A. Barper, the superintendent of agri- 
culture, has written R 5 pee on the Grasses of the 
island suitable for pasture. In this connection, Mr, 
B 
Us, 
t Indies, whose introduction to 
ntigua is 8 rious; Cynodon Dactylon, which 
is peculiarly susceptible to the * ce of nitro- 
N manure, and springs u e the surface 
as been denuded by the n of shooting 
pros who leave heaps of old cartridge cases on the 
ground, which speedily become covered with this 
Grass, Andropogon saccharoides, another Grass 
suitable for pasture, is mentioned, and S 3 
indicus, the rape ig (of Antigua), So lon 
however, as the t the Sugar-canes can be on 
for food, there is little er of other resources. 
JAMAICA, 
The Bulletin of the Botanical Department, . 
has just reached us, contains notes on the 
interesting plants of the Castleton Botanic Gardens, 
19 miles from Kingston, The plants are RANDI 
alphabetically, sud the information given is just 
what is required by the ordinary visitor, 
CASTLETON GARDENS, JAMAICA, 
‘t Castleton Gardens is scarcely thirty years old, 
and therefore as a botanic garden it is still in its 
infancy, Itis, however, the only representative of 
a botanic garden n in „Jamaica, oe = = ee at 
as 
h 
been shorn of the vio of . days. Castleton! is 
19 miles from Kingston, but the drive there and 
endless clumps of the feathery Bamboo, ro 
truly tropical Banana, and in the alluvial soil of the 
valley of the Water acres of well cultivated 
Tobacco plants; while the hills arise on either hand, 
their sides covered with ape 2 Yams, Siigar- 
cane, Cocoa, Coffee, Coco-nut 8, &. 
To those who have lived long i in 35 island, these 
novel and always charming, so that the ever-changing 
scene, with the river below, and the fertile hilla 
above, so occupy the attention that Castleton is 
almost too quickly,” Bulletin of the Botanical 
Jamaica, De Nov., and Dec., 1894, vol. i., 
Aen Books, 
CULTURE DU CAFÉIER: SEMIS, PLANTATIONS, 
TAILLE, CUEILLETTE, DÉPULPATION, DÉCOR- 
TICAGE, EXPÉDITION, COMMERCE, ESPÈCES E8, 
T RACES, par E. Raoul, avec le collaboration 
E. Darolles, 
ustin Challanel, 5, Rue Jacob, 
Tan is the first rt f th 
Wind des Culture part o — . volume of a 
colonies. also given — to e 
conomie 
subjects, The work is divided into parts, viz., 
Partie Culturale and Partie Th 
tt 
former deals wan the clasts oe of Coffee culti- 
rts of th rld, and the methods 
list of species without any indication a 
hose of economic importance, or all practical 
purpo we h y Coffea arabica, with jf; 
merce. Coffea liberica comes ace chiefly from 
Java, , and West ica, Coffea steno- 
phylla yields locally some Coffee at Sierra Leone; 
from 
a fourth species not yet identified. A v fal 
liat is given by M. Raoul of suitable shade trees for 
also reached East Africa, but is not known on the 
phys Coast. k has also hitherto been kept out of 
e New Wor This is by far the Serana 3 
11051 to Cotes cultivation at the prese 
It is not probable that this Manual vill * 
and the comm 
part, so far as we have teeta it, is Abc and 
exhaustive, 
AMATEURS’ COLUMN. 
DY FLOWERS FOR AMATEUR AND VILLA 
N (continued From p. 169). —In our last 
paper we we ere speaking about half-hardy annuals, 
and now we come to such as are quite hardy, which 
require no artificial heat whatever, and the seeds of 
d of aa and, on 
beauty, merit a place in . villa g 
. also 3 own as Calliopsis, grandiflora, C. 
coronata, C. tinctoria, C. Drummondi 
tinu — to — for a 
8 & 
2 
8 
All these are free-flowering annu 
small beds, ell as 
aud masses y ar 
a Leh aan of s e Linum 
form n Were u of | of handy plants of very ea 
A ˙ one Aaa ee 
