262 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
[Marcu 2, 1895, 
Clinch, in his interesting sketoh of the looality 
for the clerks of chancery, apprentices, students 
of the law, and citizens of London as early as 
1376. From this same document also we learn 
that a certain Roger Leget was imprisoned 25 
setting “iron engines oalled caltrappes * 
this field with malicious intent, The place con- 
tinued be a place of publio recreation until 
a 83 portion of it was built over 
towards eign of Elizabeth. 
the whole, the ordering of which was 
the Lord C lor Bacon, with the 
Earls of Pembroke, Worcester, A land = 
assi by the King’s archi 
isted tect, Ini Inigo Jon 
The Commission alleged in e 9 that 
more public works had been undertaken near 
and about the city of London within the sixteen 
previous years than in ages before, That the 
ground called Lincoln’s Inn Fields were much 
planted round with dwellings and lodgings of 
noblemen and gentlemen of quality; but at the 
same time were much deformed 
missioners, desirous to reform those grievances, 
had determined to frame and reduce these Fields 
into “such “dra partitions, or other plots, an 
in such so 
should be accordingly 
The last-named drew up a plan of a magnificent 
square, and gave it the exact er of the 
Great Pyramid of Egypt; but the bold design 
except, possibly, the west side 
of it, the remaining three sides being either 
unbuilt or occupied by cottages. For nearly 
half acentury after the partial or total es 
of Inigo Jones’ scheme, prised 
three portions —Purse Field, Fiket's Field, and 
Cup Field, in which a common horse-pool was 
constructed. The place degenerated rapidly, and 
rubbish of all kinds got deposited here in such 
quantities, that recreation of any kind became 
impossible except to mudlarks, 
It was decided in the year before Cromwell’s 
death, that two further sides should be built, 
whioh, with oe Row, would complete the 
square, which w have a water-house not 
0 ors square, in the centre. But 
these “ improvements ” had very little effect in 
ridding the place of thieves, beggars a1 
vicious classes who 
Tay 9 head, and fell thee to the ground. 
Thou then art te tempted by the linkman om 
re oily rays, 
— — am „ kiai 
caltrap, it may be mentioned, was a military instru 
ie with "i iron pointa, so disposed bee any three of them 
who carried a 
ssengers, played a weed im — a 
in the social history a p London at this period, when important part 
were unheard of and undreamt of. 
For nearly a quarter of a oentury after ya 
wrote the eN 8 the place remained 
a wilderness, e of the most dan- 
gerous spots in ere metropolis In 1735, how- 
ever, trustees were appointed by Parliament to 
superintend the railing-in and planting of the 
square, in the centre e which a pool or reservoir 
was construc e place returned to the 
“ mien W go oan and oomelinesse which 
it was said to have attained when Inigo Jones 
laid his improving hands upon it. This final 
phase of its 3 appears to have oome about, 
not so much because it was an intolerable publio 
nuisance and aanas as because a boy, exercising 
a horse, in 1733 rode over the then Master of 
the Rolls, Sir Joseph Jekyl—an indignity to the 
majesty of law which only the məst drastic 
measures could wipe out 
Among other parts which Lincoln’s Inn Fields 
have played in the history of London is that in 
relation to executions. The most distinguished 
person executed here was William Lord Russell, 
who, as Macaulay puts it, ap have been 
guilty of no offence falling within the definition 
of high treason, was condemned by reason of his 
supposed connection with the Rye House Plot. 
He was exeouted in Linooln's Inn Fields, and 
was attended by Bishops Tillotson and Burnet, 
Lord Russell’s house was a eh occupying 
the 2 side of 3 Squ 
distinguished perso cg a lived in 
Linon“ s Inn Fields, notably the Earls hs Bristol 
and Sandwich, in the time of Charle: ; Sir 
Richard and Lady anshawe, in a e on the 
northside > the Duke of Newoastle, i in Newcastle 
House; the great Lord Somers, in 865 House; 
Lord Kenyon at No. 35, in 1805; Lord Erskine, 
at No. 36, in 1805; and Spencer Perceval, at 
No. 57, in 1805, The house of the distinguished 
arcbiteot, Sir John Soane, is on the north side 
of the Square, and has “a singular but pleasing 
effect, though not quite desirable, perhaps, in 
this northern climate, where light and air are in 
edifice was built by Sir John him- 
self, in 1792, and since his death his daca 
m, which i is not nearly so well-known 
its e interest deserves, is open id 
the public on stated It rr a collec- 
tion of antiquities, books, uscripts, and 
pictures, which he ene 1 the Wan, 
with the sum of £30,000, the 3 of which 
is to be applied in maintainin ing it 
Sufficient, perhaps, has heed said of the 
ancient history of Lincoln’s Inn Fields, Its 
modern history dates forward from last Satur- 
rily 
day. Some considerable time must necessari 
elapse before it can be placed in 
place is in a bad state of re ir; the walks 
will require much labour and attention before 
they can be traversed with comfort, The shrubs 
require attention, and many of them should be 
entirely removed, ‘and more suitable ones planted 
in their place. Not very much can be done per- 
3 in the way of flower-gardening; and, as a 
of fact, not much is needed. The Fields 
will be far better and more oe laid out 
in grass, than covered with r of gaudy 
cate 3 plants 2 require so many 
co a success, and which, in such sum- 
mers as we 8 been having during the last f 
years, are always failures, No ex dalio 7 
ions, i are necess: eoessary, but many minor im- 
provements erred suggest themsel 
hortioaltural visitor. W. Roberts, o o T 
eee 
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PLANTS, 
FLEURYA PODOCARPA, Wedd. 
Tal very curious Urticaceous Plant from 
Wenera trope Africa. Iti 
soil, ere th 
bey 1} fo 
acem 
ost carious feature is, as Prof. Eagler showa 
in an iilastrated publication of the ora Academy 
of Sciences at Berlin, that the plant bears female 
flowers on the u 
after they are thrown or protruded down 
the soil, as Arachis hypogæa, Voandzeia subter- 
83 Trifolium subterraneum, Morisia hypogea, 
5 a, Lathyrus sativus var. 
etifolius, «Taito liam 1 
Galactia canescens, Amphicarpæa monoica, 
mentosa, Polygala polygama, Viola sepincola, Lows 
ee Ths : Elatine, Scrophu 
argu ee Commelina bengalensis, 
and Mitiam a N m, bear aérial chasmogamous 
and subterranean — (i. e., aelf-fertilising) 
The former kinds inclu 
© 
. 
aq 
a 2 
88 
the plant, ad 4275 to a root, and that this dif 
rding 
to Engler, more eee in physiological than in 
biological causes. U. 
LYCORIS AUREA. 
Ove illustration, copied from a photograoh taken 
in the Royal Gardens, Kew (see fig. 35, p. 263), gives 
a re ntation of Lye ris aurea, a pretty oe 
Tag A e although 5 rn: 
n ardens as far k as the year 17 
= . ultiv xtent which its nest 
habit and * . eee, 3 see 
tolarabiy well i the = a al in like e manner to a 
rose-colour which is more comme 
known as Nerine japonica, but ales of 
the and most satisfactory. The species in 
Lycoris grow remarkably well when grown 
a Cool ho h d in oopa 
ith Cyrtanthus, Neri -i 
other bulbous plants the Lycoris i the 
chiefly prp fy yellow loam; and 1 
it is best to lea ota it 
two undisturbed (provided the soil in e Leni, 
still fresh), for frequent shifting ause of 
to miss flowering, and is probably the range ee 
their having ired the name ir cha- 
which at present is the only reflection on tae cn. 
rac as u gar bs. maryllis 
aurea was under the name of A “ago 
2 in the Botanical Ma , t, 409, a8 weg 
