332 
THE 
GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
[Manch 16 1895, 
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK, 
MEETING. 
THURSDAY, Mar. 21—Linnean Society, 
SHOWS. 
SATURDAY, Man. 16 { 3 Onasi Palae and Flowers, 
TUESDAY, MAR. 19 $ n Society’s 
WEDNESDAY, MAR. 20 { 1 Society’s Spring 
ALES. i 
Gladioli, Begonias, Lilies, &c., a 
MAR. 184 Protheroe & Morris’ Rooms. 
Enormous Consignment of J renege 
Lilies, Begonias, Roses, &c., at 
ris’ 
MONDAY, 
{ Prothero 
WEDNESDAY, Mar. 20 Clearance S 
ho! 
3 and Eeste, at 
Clearan 
THURSDAY, Mar. 21 — Hay, an 
Orchids, from Messrs. F. Sander 
& Co., at N & Morris’ 
FRIDAY, Mar. 22 i 
CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- 
ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS 
OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWI 
THAT many-sided institution, the 
Society of Arts, has lately had 
brought under its se geg, 
and not for the first time, the subjeot of oider- 
pan Appropriately enough, the member 
ford, Mr. RADCLIFFE 8 was the 
—.— on this occasion. If, e hope 
may be the case, the Apple A ot this 
country, stimulated by the necessities of the 
times, will ä rtunity, 
it must not be forgotten that in these later 
times Herefordshire led the way. 
To the exertions of the late Dr. But of Here- 
ford, and of the Woolhope Club, inspired by 
him, we owe that magnificent publication, the 
"bee Pomona — a veritable encyclo- 
a of information concerning the commoner 
ETA and Pears. That work, with its coloured 
Cider, 
It may be seen at the Lindley Library, 
and similar institutions. Many will be glad 
to be reminded that an abstract of the letter- 
press of this publication -was published under 
the editorship of Dr. Hodd, with the title of 
the Apple and the Pear as Vintage Fruits.“ 
To that little treatise we may confidently refer 
as the epitome of the information which the 
of the late Dr. Buti and the co-operation 
got er on the 
er of Mr. 
E 
in the future ture, much more Scie kak i 3 
taken than have hitherto been expen nded on t 
he 
The happy-go-lucky “do 
as your fathers did” system is no longer suf- 
ficient. Let us profit by the experience and 
teaching of our predecessors ; but let us, at least 
trees or their produce. 
The Apple and Pear trees must not only be 
allowed to grow and take care of themsely es, 
they must be cultivated. 
the times when the conditions were 
different, it paid better to grow corn or rear stock, 
and the orchards were in consequence neglected. 
Corn-growing under pan: circumstances 
1 e * 
* Her ford: 
does not seem likely to prove a en 
industry, and sensible men, accordin 
measure of their powers, are looking to see 1 
what directions they can employ their satel 
and their intelligence. Docks cider-making 
affords one resource. Whatever advantages 
other countries may have over us in the matter 
of climate, it is pretty certain no other country 
The discussions 
fruit-shows, have shown 
and perry Pears are, it 
f 
tables, and they are not seen in o 
tion tents. They = a known outside the 
cider counties, and i y be taken for granted 
that from long n t the farmers in those 
counties grow the sorts best suited for their pur- 
se. Upon tbis point, those who are not 
experts have no right to 
But it is at least permissible to suggest that 
trials should be made among the hundreds and 
hundreds of new or newer sorts, in order to ascer- 
tain whether some among them may not offer 
some superiority over the older sorts, some greater 
once, and although the sorts originally grown 
produced sugar, yet those now cultivated pro- 
duce much more, So may it be with Apples and 
cider. All the time “we do not know” we are 
simply obstacles to progress, and in the future, 
whea those come who do know, they will not pay 
much heed to our feelings and prejudices—we 
speak from a commercial point of view. 
oses 
ial local conditions, there are matters 
— are common to all — * fruit 
and on which those that not 
aai iaka ers are as 9 to dim an 
opinion as are the specialists. It is the tritest 
of truisms to repeat that if we want to get the 
best results, we must feed appropriately, culti- 
ate well, and tend diligently. Now, who 
that is familiar with the orchards of this 
country will say that these requirements 
are generally met? Is it not the exception to 
find orchards properly attended to? Where 
improvement is manifest, it is in market farms 
where gardening methods have been but recently 
adopted. 
æ 
Another point in which increased care is 
needed is in harvesting the fruit. The present 
system is very pretty and pictural, but it i 
wasteful and injurious. A bruise may, some 
may think, bə a matter of re'atively minor 
moment, but in these days we must never over- 
look the fact 
pec garnered froi 
That rotting inward slowly Wen all. 
and not that fruit alone, but all in contact with 
it may suffer in tke same w 
As to the manufacture of the cider itself, it is 
obvious na? Me same minute precautions are 
necessary as for wine-making or brewing. The 
selection, abti and cultivation of the məst 
suitable sorts of yeast are matters of which our 
forefathers knew nothing. By rule-of-thumb 
they no doubt made good cider, and brewed good 
beer, but they could hardly be certain phi le 
and their products were not uniform in qua 
We are beginning to understand the n 
of some of these yeast ferments, and as 
knowledge grows, so will increase our power af 
definitely effecting our purposes, and what is 
quite as important, of recognising our inability 
— rr 
to cope with some conditions which must ever be 
unfavourable. 
The manufacture of cider or perry, if it is to 
be increased in this country, must, it is obvious 
from what Mr, RADCLIFFE Coon tells us 
conducted all through with greater care ‘a 
intelligence than has hitherto been the case, We 
cannot have the least doubt that abundant 
we 
ered no eviden By i mpina of course 
it is obvious that red and the National Assooia. 
tion of — cas are of . — that it will 
do 80 e think so too, but we should like to 
have some Svidiaibe whereupon to form an 
opinion. 
n the 3 5 ensued, the Chairman, 
Sir ioe E Brrow D, entered at length into 
the Ms ren folk lor ted with the 
Apple, pleaded on philological roai ‘for the 
spelling “cyder,” an "a o s E and * 
perance reasons $ advoc moderate use of 
the bevera Read m hie best „ of 
e highest human 
2 
Nis} 
u find—alike — ~~ Bible 
and in oe literat ture of Greece and Rome, and of 
modern Europe—is at once the Wrong 1 
tion of avniskseiliene ary intemperance, and the 
heartiest praise of win 
A SHOW-HOUSE AT W. R. ARMSTRONGS 
— NEWCASTL - 
— 5 NG's nursery, 
struct ich, with scarcely ig 
pretension to be pleasing in form or in 
sories, affords an ample area for cultivating A 
fistingly displaying decorative plants, 
perature maintai i is house is what may 
be called w perate, or in den phrase 
that of the intermediate-house, perature 
which, if not too long indulged in, is not inimi 
n 
to the ordinary inmates of the cool n in- 
deed is beneficial during active growth; an is 
conducive to the well-being of New Z aland Ferns, 
Chinese Palms, South African Pelargoniums, 
Richardiar, and many others, Oar readers will note 
plants of Kentia Belmoreana, Alsophilas, and Dick- 
sonias, Phormium tenax variegata, foliage Begonias, 
Adiantum capillus-veneris, probably ; Gloxinias in 
flower, also Lapageria, and many more besides. The 
back wall of the house will, in course of time, 
clad with Ferns and Begonias, that appear to be 
secured to the surface by means of trough-like contri- 
vances of metal. The good healthy geet 
of the inmates of the house is the more 
markable, from the fact, that the 2 
t iery with 
AkusrROxd's engineering 
at Elewick, just at the foot of the hill on which the 
nursery is situated. 
THE LINNEAN SocieTy.—At a meeting of this 
hursday 
L M i 
the pete of the author. M A 
Chelsea, Moore, of Glasnevin, and others n 
numerous illustrative specimens which were Pie 
appreciated. Mr, G. cərr ELLIOT, “ate 
been absent fron England kete Sept 1 i and the 
a botanical exploration of Mount Raw 
country to the north of the Albert pemer 
he 
and had returned home only on the 
ed home y 3 the rug 
gave an acccouat of his journey 
geographical, acdc botanical, — 
political, o by him. He took the 
Mo nbasa to — The country 
