358 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
[Marcu 23, 1895, 
stantly increasing. In these matters M. Maurice 
de Vilmorin has the opportunity of judging from 
experience, having visited the States for the first 
time seventeen years ago, when the taste for 
horticulture was not so much developed as it is 
now 
M. de Vilmorin's special report is divided into 
four seotions — Fruit Culture, Vegetable Culture, 
the Production of Flowers; while the fourth 
section is devoted to a general summar 
The progress of fruit-culture is attributed in 
reat measure to the activity of the American 
MFE RL TRE Er and French fruit-preservers 
have reason to feel some apprehension at the 
rapid — vo the“ a industry, and of 
in the 
other means of prese 
States. The Americans, moreover, have known 
how to turn to account their native Black- 
berries, Cranberries, and Plums (Prunus ameri 
cana, pumila, hortalana Ko.). 
Nine thousand heotares (J heotare = 2°4 acres) 
are devoted to Apple culture in the nurseries, 
each hectare containing, on the average, 37,000 
The drying of the Apples and 
of cider are mentioned, and 
many details miter relating to the industry in 
particular States 
diseases which affect the trees are also mentioned 
distributed in lent co: t 
5 „ rds all the e States of 
tne Uni 
M. de iid Soa with all this mass of varied 
detail in a very mas way, summarising the prin- 
cipal points very clear! y, continually bearing i in mind 
d be as serviceable to the 
cultivators of Great Britain, and particularly to those 
of Greater Britain, 
Vegetable culture is dealt with in a similar wa: 
Produce is grown on the large scale, and conveyed by 
rail to long distances, and other produce i is grown as it 
the difference between what is called track- 
ket-gardening. Truck-farming, of course, 
success on the co-operation of the 
way and canal eee No advantage of soil 
would avail poh if freights were un- 
9 72 Mang Oa 
. Hence 
-farming 
st er eariad on In a 
Market-gardening 
portionate scale, most 0 of. 
bees grown, and recourse — often had t to Earo- 
seed, in order to secure the constaacy of 
Aialak varieties, which are apt to vary in America 
in accordance with the differences of climate, 
loriculture and comer’ gardening have made 
and åre making grea near the Cities, 
bat there are still er aici where the refining influ- 
ce of flowers has yet to be developed ; and in the 
uns cities it is questionable whether in many cases 
a love of display does not fill the coffers of the florists 
rather than an appreciation of the flowe r for the 
flower’s sake, Unfortunately, the same may be said 
on this side of the Atlantic also, 
n 1890 it is estimated that 49,056,000 Rose-trees 
( (Rosiere) were grown in commercial magne 
38,380, es and shru 152,835,000 
plants of other categories, the whole e the estimated 
those tilled with plough and 
value of 60,182,000 francs. Cut-flowers were valued 
1,958 w ted 
4 659 deal ps are ERTA 2,795 were estab- 
and of these 1,797 were n- up 
Ths hese “ites will serve to gives 
idea of the extent of commercial Gain Meare in 
America 
As to 
it has some 
© 
steam- me! M. de Eee ek 7255 us that 
ad va enabling wer to 
of temperature more readily and quickly than by 
the use of r ts small houses the hot- 
water system is prefe 
“The rapid 1 ‘observable in American 
horticulture,” says M. de Vilm morin, “is attri ibutable 
held by them, and to the horticultural press.” In addi- 
tion, the numerous experimenta atati ions scattered 
all over the country under 
government, or of the Universities, contribute very 
powerfully to the spread of knowledge aseful to the 
pariah The Arnold Arboretum, under the 
perintendence of Professor Sargent, has the largest 
Falles ee of hardy trees and shrubs in the world. 
The horticultural press, and the public gardens and 
cemeteries of the large to 
but it is obvious the subject sh on large to be com- 
we have sai s. to give a 
wrea picture of the vresent condition 288 horticul- 
ure in the States. The general conclusions arrived 
at * M. de Vilmorin may be summarised as 
follows :— 
sons TO AGRICULTORISTS. 
Horticultural industry is fertile in resources; the 
older eta will slightly modify the 8 of 
cultivatio: d general Se add will become 
pee A certain fruit e rom the south - 
eat abundance; the wer in the north 
will devote himself to the culture pe some other still 
fi i i a 
glass at a 3 cost, but of finer and “to 3 
so that he can obtain double price for If h 
prefers not to have a crop from his biel at a date 
when competition renders prices too low, it is still 
easy to raise on his land, from hot-beds and frames, 
a crop of some 
„ With the same 
materials, force Lilies of the Valley, raise plants for 
sale in pots—in a word, change completely his plans 
of cultivation, and find, amid the innumerable s 
cultural industries, some one branch which can be 
made re aoe aa ve,’ 
of the modern struggle against foreign 
competition, the collator of the statistics before us 
y us, with respect to this same diffi- 
he the horticultural profession i 
2 
find frequent opportunities of being exe rcised, deve- 
ped ir em eee cet highly remu- 
be method of budding, 
Ae gr e oy species, which will 
ee enn = sri th elements of success, 
Should not the — of American horticul- 
ure cause us to think how in almos ro- 
ec all holding, 
which no ga yields sufficient profits when culti- 
vated wi e plough, tain some 
acres pat for v. set ow d h addition to 
— 
devoted to the cultivation of cut flowers, one or two 
large orchards, some fields appropriate for seed-bear. 
ing plants or roots, for ping? Poplar-cut- 
tings, raising shrubs for forcing, &c. 
e present depressed condition of agriculture 
which affects so many interests, the only hope he 
cultivators lies in forsaking the old 
c 
growers may do much to prevent foreign competitor 
from forestalling them in their own markets, 
As regards horticulture as a eee, 4 
M. de Vilmorin remarks that: —“ On land w 
hes cereals — 
the neighbouring or tdi. dis tant marie The 
industry i is still a comparatively new one, or, ra rather, 
y tariffs; 
her hand, is freer from these 
ge and increasingly 
horticulture, on the ot 
restraints, and has still a lar 
are future before it. 
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PLANTS, 
PHAIUS ROMEINGEE n. SP, 
Or late we have had influx of varieties 
of P. eee and P. Wallichii, and the variation 
among t has been extraordinary, but atill the 
botanical n have been reconcileable in each 
me in the form of its quaintly-marked labellum 
A letter from — — o the 
enton, also comparison 
with living specimens and oiner piee material 
in the United States had sh wide difference, and 
the conclusion arrived at w. Pai the statement of 
the collector who sent it from a hitherto here 
A flower of a very peculiar form of P. Wallic 
the same locality is sent with the new one, er 
28 for comparison. The flower of P. 3 
3 across, the sepals and petals 
coloured lemon- yellow at the hie and gel 
eR —— Indian-yellow on the giving 
flower the appearance observed in the re broni Fei 
tenebrosa, The spur of the lip is 
yellow, 1 inch long, but slightly curved and bifurcate 
w hu 
white with many clearly-defined bright rose 
Neither es base of the lip nor the under side 8 er 
column is pub er species o! © 
same group. to be a very strong 4 
the pseudobulbs Wise 9 inches - 
height, and the leaves 4 feet long. Actual * 
ing to Mr. eee, rry, that 
species to be much more en than 
Despite its 1 as the flowers 
fragrant, James O’Brien, 
