792 
THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
[June 29, 1895, 
8 C. Godefroyx, and C. niveum, one of the 
niveum having the lower halves of the petals pure 
some very fine C. Cartisii, C 
other hybrids, Maxillaria tenuifolia, Lycaste Deppei. 
Arranged ia the cool lobby, the plants last much 
longer in bloom . in the house keel, and the dif- 
ferent species beiog brought saree they make a 
pretty and interesting display 
ikea OF CROPS. 
ued from p. 551. * 
Swepiso Torres hn first tice 
with regard to the growth of this e Mess is 
that, under each condition as to manuring, there is 
lots, 
although seed was sown twice. 
complex manure ele nitrogen Sided more 
than 22 tons of roots in 1880, the same manure 
It m 0 observed that this assumed restorative 
crop miele practically no produce at all when grown 
alone gives much more than 
without manure, but still much less than an averag' 
agricultural crop. The increase in yield was largely 
due to the greatly-increased development of feeding- 
root within the surface-soil under the influence of 
the phosphatic manure ; and the necessary nitrogen, 
beyond the small amount of combine nitrogen 
annually coming down in rain and the minor aqueous 
posits from the atmosphere, has been 
gat the influence of the i 
development from the pre viou s accumulati: 
t is, the o readily available fertility due to 
recent se ations, can be so rapidly exhausted 
as wing Tarnips on it by superphosphate 
alone—provided, of course, that the seasons are 
vourable. 
Tue BARLEY Crops, 
with the roo‘-crops (Swedish Turnips), so 
with the succeeding Barley crops, it was found that, 
under each condition of manuring, or other treatment, 
as very great variation in the amount of pro- 
variations in the 
Thus, without manure, 
the average produce over the eight courses 
about 30 bushels per acre, whilst in 1857 it was more 
than 40 bushels; but in 1869 and in 1873 it was not 
much over 20 bushels, and in the last two courses 
considerably less than 20 bushels, The produc e of 
the manured plots show in their case a wide 
range in amount above or below the averages, 
according | to season. 
The poin t to notice is, that whilst the assumed 
restorative crop—th: pro- 
duce at all without manure, the ppe gave, on land 
unmanured for years er 
ov 
30 bushels per acre. The fact — ‘shane’ ¢ e culti- 
vation for the preceding roots kept the . clean, 
and as there was practically no produce of roots, the 
soil was left almost fallow for the Barley du ; ing 
the winter preceding the roots, during the root-cro 
period itself, and during the succeeding cht before 
the sowing of the Barley. as, therefore, very 
good ——— for the Barley. 
The ow that, on the plots where the mixed 
manure ee nitrogen had been applied for 
the preceding Turnips, hs een of Barley was on 
a much higher level, and it was 3 on the 
portions when the Turnips had been fed on the land 
than on those prise which they had been pase ry 
It is observed t eee, ca 5 — N the 
with 5 alon the roots 
bad deen fed on the iadi, ‘stout as pes ae of the 
country at large under ordinary rotation, namely, 
from 36 to 38 bushels; whilst on the full manured 
plot, the produce was much more, being in one case 
403, and in the saline 423 bushels where the roots 
had been removed; and when they had been fed on 
the land, in one case 48%, and in the other 47% 
bushels 
Seanad results fully confirm the 
e been given of the beneficial 
ects of — F under the ordinary 
conditione of manuring, on Fag: succeeding cereal 
wn in alternation with t 
Tue Leeuminous Crops (on FALLOW), 
The results obtained bring to view some of th 
3 connected with the growth of these crops, 
mappa the growth of red Clover as the third crop 
each course, that is once in four years, it has, in 
im only been grown four times in the forty-four 
years, namely, in the first, seventh, ninth, and tenth 
experience that it is only on a 
soil that Clover can be grown so frequently as every 
fourth year, and in many cases it is not atte mse to 
grow it more than once in eight years. iffi- 
culty of growing red Clover or Beans Saen on 
ustrated 
f 
grown for s 
in succession on rich garden-soil, and, further, that 
on N arable land where Clover had entirely 
root range or more powerful root habit, grew luxu- 
riantly and yielded large crops for a number of years 
in succession. 
Lastly, in another field where Beans had frequently 
failed, red Clover w: wn, and gave 
large crops. Briefly to summarise the 
Its obtained, it may be stated that the average 
ac of oe reckoned as hay, was, without 
ure, rather Ib.; with superphosphate 
Ga the last * “ih potash, soda, and magnesia 
also) nearly 6000 lb.; we with ‘a mineral and 
nitrogenous manures together about 6800 lb. Com- 
with these amounts of Clover, the seven Bean 
crops (corn and straw together) gave an average of 
about 1700 lb. without manure, of nearly 2400 lb. 
with mineral manure alone, and about 3200 lb. with 
the mineral and nitrogenous manures together, 
There can be no doubt that the leguminous crops, 
and especially the Clover, growing on land in the 
same condition, and similarly manured, have the 
power of taking up much more nitrogen over a given 
area from some source, than the cereals with which 
they are interpolated, and that the beneficial effects 
of the growth of such crops in rotation with the 
cereals are intimately connected with this capability, 
Tus Wuaeat Crops, 
The results with Wheat relating to individual 
years show, that under each condition of manuring 
or other treatment, there ia an enormous variation 
in the amount of produce in ae different Are 
peste ere was wi 
manure, 104 “ap = Wheat in 4 4 — 
45 3 15 1863; the superphosphate plot 
ae was in 1879 only 14 bushels, and 46 bushels 
n 1863; and on the mixed manure plot, only 123 
— in 1879, but 525 e in 1863. 
The cases cited are those of the most extreme 
eee ee, dus to season, and the results show that 
there were very considerable variations i 
variations 
differ more or less under the d fferent soil conditions, 
It is obvious, therefore, that if we would fairly 
compare 1 one another gh effects of the varying 
condition 
of a ae number of years to eliminate the 
influence of the hale seasons 
he 
next t is t o illustr. ustrate the rei of 
effect on the other crops of the rotation, 
— —— 3 
one hand of the growth and 1 a the 
highly nitrogenous leguminous c 
other of iG whic 
In ot ords, not only were the 
nitrogen an her constituents obtained in the 
eguminous 8 en compared with the 
result of fal n the average of years, a 
„ but, o 
somewhat wee. succeeding Wheat crop was obtained 
rom the results as a whole, it may be 
concluded legn where the land was the most ex- 
hausted, t LE vite of t 
—— 
e ny e, ned by an 
increased amount of Bigh ly ene e 
erop- residue. J. 7. Willis, Harpenden, 
THE VEGETATION AND CUL- 
TURAL INDUSTRIES OF ALGERIA, 
In a report from Consul Playfair of Algiers, several 
interesting notes are given on the ve ion and 
cultural industries of the country. A private nur- 
sery garden it seems, has been established in the 
mountainous region of Zaccar, near Miliana, at a 
height of about 2500 feet above the sea, with the 
intention o of acclimatising the f fruit trees of more tem- 
feared in the plains or on the littoral of Algeria, 
The climate of Zaccar is even more vigorous than 
that of the south of France, and trees enjoy there a 
more complete pericd of repose than in the lower 
regions where vegetation is less interrupted, — they 
do not require the abundant ig without which 
ts of summer else- 
P 
w 
nières du Zaccar,” are more certain to flourish ish in 
every locality to which they may be sent than ifthey 
had been pte in warmer regions. They are also free 
nation from the numerous p 
beautiful wild flowers in the land 
Salla of the Arabs, or Algerian Sainfoin ore, bo 
coronarium). The plant has never 
. p very 
1893 the ‘Peronospora’ took Vine gane rowers ver] 
much by surprise, as they had not undertaken any 
preventive treatment. attacked Pota bee 
Tomatos, to which gardeners have never yet tho * 
of applying cupric remedies ; these, it is believ , 
ssure has bee 
covered with small brown 
up without ae from the stalks; the Grapes 
duced appear small and badly ep e 
result of a eee parasite, and migh 5 
be cured by the application of some salt of copper 
A new parasite h been noticed in Bee 
the Euompces leproider, which attac pe be 
d routs, and transforms the 
a certain 
