SEC. 5.] LODAEE AND JOOUXJN EANGE. 149 



From Rolia hill westwards extends one of the most striking features 



of the whole chain called the Kass, a steady strong: 



TheKSss. ' J & 



escarpment of light colored sandstones overlaid 



by raggy shales dipping to the south at 15° and resting upon the dark 

 central shales of the range. Its scarped northern side has an elevation 

 of about 250 feet and coincides in general direction with a continu- 

 ation of the large dyke found to the south of Joorun, which, flanked by 

 some others, has been traced to its foot, thence obliquely ascending 

 to the very edge of the scarp. This no doubt owes its origin to the 

 fractures occupied by these dykes combined with the superposition of 

 the sandstones upon the much softer shales. 



The beds are but slightly, if at all, fossiliferous where examined, and 

 their thickness, including some which are concealed at its northern foot, 

 must be quite 500 feet. Here and there patches of sub-recent con- 

 glomerate or concrete occur high up on the precipitous face of the 

 scarp, their stratification dipping south by east at 35°, 40°, and abutting 

 against the steep slope of the ground. 



The stream valley west of Roha hill exposes the anticlinal axis 

 „ , . J J. i beneath the northern flanking ridge. The force 



Crushing and iracture o ° 



of layers. with which the rocks were contorted has pro- 



duced complicated convolutions of the shaly laminse between some of 

 the harder beds, as at a, Fig. 9, while in places the strata appear 

 to have yielded to both crushing and stretching forces disrupting the 

 continuity of flaggy layers in shaly beds lying between strong conglo- 

 meritic sandstones, as at b, Fig. 9. 



■^^^^- i V t 



Fig. 9.— Crushing in shales, i 



( 149 ) 



