CHAP. 3.] GENERAL EOEMS OP SUEPACE. ■ 23 



ferruginous or saline, sandy and argillaceous beds, many specimens of 



which, solid when collected and in the shelter of a house, mouldered 



away to heaps of sand and powdery earth during one monsoon that gave 



a rain-fall of less than nine inches. 



In some instances other causes anterior to the present results of 



atmospheric erosion have combined with it to 

 Other causes. 



produce the features. The great fault which runs 



along the northern face of the Charwar and Katrol range, placing the 

 lower rocks which form the range at relatively much higher level than 

 the newer ones occupying the plains to the north, has plainly influenced 

 the configuration of the country, and it is quite possible that other east 

 and west dislocations may have helped to produce a similar effect along 

 the northern sides of the Kurreer and Bela chain, and likewise along 

 portions of the sometimes strongly scarped hills which rise abruptly 

 from the Runn, on the northern margin of the province. 



Many of the hills of this marginal range have forms coinciding 

 with the concentric curves given to the strata by 

 a long anticlinal flexure, the axis of which undu- 

 lates both vertically and horizontally, the chain being broken where the 

 axis sinks and in places complicated by igneous intrusions. 



The latter have decided the forms of many isolated peaks and lesser 

 hills of Kutch, in some instances producing minor 

 ranges which traverse the country for considerable 

 distances. 



Traces are to be found in nearly all the glens of a sub-recent deposit, 



highly calcareous, more or less coherent, obliquely 

 Sub -recent accumula- o .< 



tion- laminated, and irregularly bedded, such as no 



streams which now exist could sufiice to form ; and though the various 

 inclinations of its stratification and difierent altitudes at which it rests 

 are rather against the supposition of a general submergence with 

 accompanying marine erosion, the deposit indicates a period when active 



{ ^3 ) 



