CERTAIN ABORIGINAL REMAINS, LOWER TOMBIGBEE RIVER. 249 
The northernmost mound, of clear, yellow sand, yielded no return save half a 
“ banner-stone " wrought from a clayey material. Two holes show where the parts 
of the ornament had been lashed together with the aid of similar perforations in the 
missing half. 
The second mound, 18 inches high and 35 feet in basal diameter, seemed to 
have been built for domiciliary purposes. It was composed of sandy loam, almost 
black, having a sprinkling of shells, mostly broken, one kind being a fresh-water 
mussel (Quadrula trapezordes). Certain of the shells are calcined. Тһе dark sand, 
discolored by admixture of organic matter, was found to a depth of 30 inches, or 
one foot more than the height of the mound. This does not imply, however, that 
work had been done by the aborigines below the original surface of the ground, but 
rather that sand and leaf-mould had gathered on the general level around the mound 
after its completion, thus lessening its height. This domiciliary mound, with its 
blackened earth, shells, deer-bones, and other debris, had in one part a local layer 
of clear, yellow sand, which had been cut through, here and there, for burials placed 
below it. The mound, then, had been used as a burial mound after its completion 
or during the last stage of its occupancy. The mound was completely leveled by us. 
Apart from human remains, were: hammer-stones ; pebble-hammers; pebbles, 
whole and broken; hones of ferruginous sandstone; several tines of staghorn; a 
canine tooth of a large carnivore; part of a bone needle with an eye; a number of 
broken arrowheads or knives; eight lanceheads, arrowheads, and knives, three of 
chert, five of quartzite, some variegated; various fragments of earthenware, some 
shell-tempered, others not, none showing any novelty in design. 
Two feet nine inches down, apart from human remains, was an interesting de- 
posit of eight leaf-shaped implements of quartzite, each about 2.5 inches and 4,5 
inches in maximum diameters, neatly piled one upon another. 
While the burials in this mound were not marginal, neither were they entirely 
central, though all may be said to have been in the body of the mound. The con- 
dition of the bones, while far from good, was better than is the case in many mounds, 
owing, perhaps, to infiltration of lime salts from the shells. Two skulls with their 
mandibles were saved in fair condition. Each shows marks of cranial compression 
on the frontal part, as did each skull in this mound, not too badly crushed to allow 
determination. One of the two skulls, that of an adolescent, showed, in addition 
to the effect of frontal compression, a longitudinal groove along the middle line of 
the skull. The two crania, the only ones found by us in a condition to preserve 
during our entire season’s work, were sent by us to the United States National 
Museum at Washington. 
Eighteen inches from the surface, below a space cut through the local layer of 
sand, of which mention has been made, was a bunched burial consisting of bones of 
an adult and of a child. 
Fifteen inches below the surface lay a bunched burial with one cranium, and, 
at about the same depth, some distance away, was a bunch of bones with two crania. 
With the latter burial were a number of glass beads. 
32 JOURN. A. N. S. PHILA., VOL. XIII. 
