MOUNDVILLE REVISITED. 405 
If we find these to be connected with sun-worship elsewhere, it is likely they had 
a similar significance at Moundville. 
Among the Hopi,’ back of sun-worship, we generally detect sky-god worship— 
the sun being only a symbol, mask, or shield, not the god of the sky or distinct 
from the sk y-god. 
The great horned or plumed serpent is a sky-god, sometimes referred to as a 
sun-god, the sun being a symbol of certain attributes of the sky-god. 
Near the Hopi pueblo of Walpi, the spring Tawapa, supposed to be the home 
of the plumed serpent, is called the sun-spring. 
The horned or plumed serpent cult, as a form of sun- and sky-worship, was 
widely distributed in ancient Mexico, as well as among the early inhabitants of the 
Mississippi valley. Тһе plumed serpent and symbols probably representing the 
sun, appear together on a bottle made by the mound builders of Arkansas.” 
In ancient Mexico Quauhtli, the eagle, was sacred to the sun. The sun him- 
self was often called *the rising eagle" 
Tonahtiuh, * the lord of day." 
We are indebted to Miss H. Newell Wardle, of the Academy of Natural Sci- 
ences, for various references including that which Charlevoix makes to two figures 
of eagles on the roof of the sun-temple in the Louisiana-Mississippi region, and 
which Tonti describes as “a couple of spread-eagles which looked towards the Sun." 
Eagles feathers are used with discs to represent the sun-god among the Hopi 
of Arizona (Fewkes). Among the Huichol Indians, descendants of ancient Mexi- 
cans, “ young Mother Eagle" is intimately connected with the cult of the sun, and 
aecording to one account, is his mother? Among the same Indians, the giant 
woodpecker (first cousin to our ivory- -bill of Moundville) is sacred to the sun. 
We have given elsewhere in this report our reasons for supposing it a possi- 
bility that the six world-* quarters” of ancient Mexico, and of the present Mexi- 
can and Pueblo Indians, were known to Moundville and figured on its vases. 
If such is the case we can connect these directions with sun- -worship among 
the Hopi, where the priest makes offering to the six world-“ quarters," of feathered 
strings, some of which are tied to an emblem representing the sun (Fewkes). 
In our first report on Moundville we show on a vessel (Figs. 87, Жы haloed or 
winged suns, each crossed by an arrow, perhaps emblematic of the sun’s rays, and 
possibly indicating the cult of the sun. 
At all events, whatever opinion we may form in regard to the cults of prehis- 
toric Moundville—an opinion which must be based largely on conjecture—we know 
the region to have been a most interesting one and the inhabitants of Moundville 
to have figured among the foremost in the art of the ancient peoples of what is 
now the United States. 
1 “ Hopi Shrines near the East Mesa, Arizona.” Amer. Anthropologist, April-June, 1906. Dr. 
J. Walter Fewkes—and in private letters 
* W. H. Holmes. 20th An. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 91. 
'Dr. Carl Lumholtz. © Symbolism of the Hood Indians," p. 14, Mem. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 
Vol. III. 
t Dr. Carl Lumholtz. — Zbid., p. 11. 
instead of his more common name, 
