372 Antediluvian Zoology. 



deposits of this country, and in the valleys through which our 

 great rivers pass. 



Skulls of the Bos LTrus at Walton Naze, Woolwich, Ilford, 

 &c. 



The great fossil elk of Ireland is found in peat bogs and 

 gravel beds. Some of these skeletons have been met with, 

 although rarely, in England, at Walton and in Holderness. 



Cervus jElaphus, or red deer ; common in diluvial gravel of 

 the eastern counties. 



Cervus Z)kma, or fallow deer ; traced occasionally in similar 

 situations. 



Cervus Capr^olus, or antelope ; near Ipswich, and at Roy- 

 don, Norfolk. 



Rodentia^ or Gnawers, — Of this order the Kirkdale cave 

 alone yielded to the researches of Dr. Buckland the genera 

 hare, rabbit, rat, water-rat, and mouse. {Jig. 99.) 



Incisors, ascribed to the beaver, 

 have been noticed in the crag. 



Of Quadimmanous animals there 

 exist no known traces in this or any 

 other part of the globe, either of the 

 a, molar tooth of rabbit ; b, molar ape, monkcv, or the liuman svecies. 



tooth of water-rat; c. Incisor oi ^ -r -,-, .*'-( ^ . -, 



water-rat. From Kirkdale. In alluVial depOSltS, CalcarCOUS m- 



crustations, peat formations, mines, 

 and volcanic debris, human bones and their accompaniments 

 have frequently been discovered, bearing evidence of very 

 high antiquity; but they are all referable to more recent 

 times than the deluge, and may be explained by similar events 

 of ordinary occurrence. 



No works of art, or other indications of the former exist- 

 ence of man, occur in diluvial or tertiary beds. We are there- 

 fore led to unite in the opinion that he is among " the most 

 recent tenants of the globe," coincident with the oldest records 

 and traditions of his race ; and that the time in which he has 

 inhabited the earth forms but a trifling portion of its absolute 

 duration. 



Whether man was coeval with the mastodons, the mam- 

 moths, and other mighty animals that once ranged the earth, 

 and left their traces on so large a part of its surface, is an 

 enquiry which there seems little probability will ever be solved. 

 At present we have only the negative fact, that no human 

 remains have been discovered of equal antiquity with those 

 extinct races of animals of which we have made brief mention 

 in this imperfect sketch. 



R. C. T. 



