514 Cuvierian, or Natural, System of Zoology, 



by long nails, which are commonly crooked. Some animals 

 of this order have no canine teeth, and others have no teeth 

 whatever. The sloth, &c. 



7. The order Pachyde'rmes ; from the Greek pachys, 

 thick, and derma, a skin. This order comprises all thick- 

 skinned animals with hoofs, that do not ruminate. The ele- 

 phant, horse, &c. 



8. The order Rumina'ntes; from the Latin ruminare, to 

 chew again. The animals of this order are distinguished by 

 their divided hoofs; the upper jaw is without true incisive 

 teeth ; and they have four stomachs. The ox, sheep, &c. 



9. The order Ce'tace'es, or Cetaceous ; from the Latin 

 cete, whales. The animals of this order have no hind limbs ; 

 their form, which resembles a fish, and their aquatic life, might 

 induce us to arrange them in a separate class, if all the other 

 parts of their economy did not agree with those of the class in 

 which they are here placed. They are the warm-blooded fish 

 of the ancients : to the strength of the other Mammalia, they 

 unite the advantage of being supported by a watery element, 

 and we find among them the most gigantic of all animals. 



It may be useful to compare the Cuvierian arrangement of 

 mammiferous animals with the Linnean arrangement of the 

 same class, as the latter was till very recently the received 

 system of English naturalists. Linnaeus divides the animals 

 of this class into seven orders, the distinctive characters of 

 which are taken almost exclusively from the number and 

 position of the teeth. By confining himself to this one cha- 

 racter, he has brought together in his first order animals 

 greatly unlike in other respects, as men and bats. The generic 

 characters in the Linnean system are also chiefly taken from 

 the teeth. A comparison of the two systems cannot fail to 

 convince the unprejudiced naturalist, that the Cuvierian ar- 

 rangement is the most natural as well as the most scientific. 



Order L Prima^tes; from the luoXm primus, first or chief. 

 Four incisive and two canine teeth above, and the same num- 

 ber in the lower jaws. This order includes the genera man, 

 apes, lemurs, and bats, comprising animals which belong to 

 three orders, as classed by Cuvier. 



Order 2. Bru'ta; from the Latin hrutu^, brute, irra- 

 tional. No incisive or fore teeth in either jaw. The genera 

 in this order are the elephant, the Trichechus, or morse, the 

 sloth, the anteater, the Manis, or pangolin, the jDasypus, or 

 armadillo : it comprises animals belonging to three orders in 

 the Cuvierian arrangement. 



Order 3. Fe^r^e ; from the Latin j^rw5, a wild beast. Tliis 

 order of Linnaeus includes the Carnassiers of Cuvier, except 



