70 Miscellaneous. 



of Professor Owen* : what may have led him into error is, that the 

 female is provided with a double copulative sac which I found to be 

 filled with spermatozoa. M. Valentin had previously detected this 

 male product in the organ supposed by M. Diesing to be the gland 

 which secretes the envelopes for the ova. 



The male is provided with a double penis, which exceeds the body 

 in length and corresponds to the long oviduct. 



2. The Pentastomce or Linguatulce are not Entozoa, but belong to 

 the division of articulated animals; they come nearest to the Lernece. 



This opinion is based upon the following considerations : — 



a. These animals on their extrication from the egg are provided 

 with two pairs of articulated feet terminated by hooks. 



b. The nervous system differs from that of the Lernece only in 

 having the two chords which form the ganglionic chain separated 

 throughout their length, whilst in the Lernece they are only sepa- 

 rated for half their length. 



c. In both cases the males are comparatively very small. The 

 ovisacs in the females are equally bulky ; but in the Lernece, which 

 live in water, they project externally ; whilst in the Linguatulce, 

 which always live in a different medium, they remain in the interior. 



d. Besides the ring of nerves, the subcesophageal ganglion, and 

 the chords whfch represent the ganglionic chain, the Linguatulce are 

 provided with different ganglions representing the great sympathic. 

 I detected four perfectly distinct ganglions spread over the sides of 

 the lower surface of the oesophagus in the new species from the 

 Mandrill. In another species M. Blanchard detected these ganglions 

 and stomato- gastric nerves ; but he referred them to the system of 

 the nerves of relation or those of animal life, judging, at least, from 

 the name which he has assigned to them. 



e. Another point, which however had not escaped the attention 

 of naturalists, is, that the muscles exhibit in their primitive fibres 

 the transverse lines which are not met with in the lower animals.— 

 Bullet, de VAcad. Royale de Belgique. 



On certain Principles bearing upon the Natural Classification of Ani- 

 mals, and more particularly on the Methodical Distribution of the 

 Mammifera. By M. Milne-Edwards. 



Milne-Edwards, in this learned memoir, in which he gives in a 

 connected form the views elsewhere presented by him in detached 



* Professor Owen has rectified his original description, founded on the 

 dissection of a single female specimen, in which the sacs appended to the 

 oviduct were full of spermatozoa and supposed therefore to be the ' testes/ 

 in his " Lectures on the Comparative Anatomy of the Invertebrate Ani- 

 mals," in which he describes the male Linguatula (p. 71 ), distinct from the 

 female (p. 72), and after remarking that " most of the Pentastomata of 

 Rudolphi appertain to the Ccelelminthic class," the Professor expressly 

 states : " the Acanthocephala constitute a more limited, yet natural order ; 

 and the Linguatulce {Pentastomata of Rudolphi) are the type of an analo- 

 gous circumscribed group with a higher type of organization, which entitles 

 them to rank in the class Ccelelmintha ;" (lb, p. 62.) one of the characters 

 of the entozoa of this class being that they are of separate sexes. — Ed. 



